ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ Finding the Cisco IOS Software ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ، Bootstrap ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ آﻐﺎﺯ ﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗی ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺭﺍ پﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ، Setup mode ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ،mode ﻣی ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ backup ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ NVRAM ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻫﺎی ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ،IOS ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯی ﻭ آﻐﺎﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻣیﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻫﺎی ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ: ü ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ü ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ IOS ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ü ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭگﻴﺮی ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ setup mode پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ، ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍی ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ POST ﺑﺮگﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ) (power-on self-test ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ROM ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺋی ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣی ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ پﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ، ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻭ پﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎی ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳی ﻭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣی ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. 1
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ Finding the Cisco IOS Software پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ، ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ : ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ : ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ bootstrap loader ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ . ROM ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ، ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍی ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫی ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ IOS ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻣﺤﻮﻟﻪ ﻣیﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ : ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ . IOS ﻓﻴﻠﺪ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺭﻳﺠﺴﺘﺮ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی، ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ IOS ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣیﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗی ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣی ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ IOS ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ گﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻟی IOS ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ، ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﺯ IOS ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ROM ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ : ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ IOS image ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ IOS ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻣی گﺮﺩﺩ. پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ IOS ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗی ﺷﺪﻥ آﻦ ، ﻟﻴﺴﺘی ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭی ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭی ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸگﺮ ) ﻛﺎﻣپﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ( ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣی ﺷﻮﺩ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ چﻬﺎﺭﻡ : ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ آﻦ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ،NVRAM ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺍﺻﻠی ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ آﻦ ﻳﻜی پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳگﺮی ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣی گﺮﺩﻧﺪ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ پﻨﺠﻢ : ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻥ Setup mode ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗی ﻛﻪ IOS ﺑگﻮﻧﻪ ﺍی ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭی ﺭﺍ ﻣﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ TFTP ﻭ ﻳﺎ NVRAM ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﻟی ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴچﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ، ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ automated setup ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫی ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ. 2
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Starting a Router 3
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Starting a Router Logging In to the Router 4
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Starting a Router ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Help ﺩﺭ CLI یکی ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ پﺮکﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟیﻪ، ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Help یﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ؟ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻭﻗﺘی ﻧﻤیﺩﺍﻧیﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑیﻦ ﺍیﻦﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ، چﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭی ﺑکﺎﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﻣیآیﺪ، ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ؟ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎیپ کﻨیﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘی ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻣی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍیﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ. یﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧیکﻪ ﻧﻤیﺩﺍﻧیﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ؟ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ چﻪ پﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ کﻨیﺪ. ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯیﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Help ﺑﺎ Option ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣیﺩﻫﺪ. ﻧﺘیﺠﻪ Help ﻟیﺴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪ ﺟﺎﺭی ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ. ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ کﻤک ﻣیکﻨﺪ کﻪ ﺑﻪ چﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤیﻂ CLI کﻤک ﺑگیﺮیﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣیﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ? ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ، ﺩﺭ ﺍیﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﻟیﻦ پﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣیﺩﻫﺪ. ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺗﺎیپ ﺷﺪﻩ ? Help ? Command ﻣﻤکﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺘی ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑیﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷیﺪ، ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎیپ چﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ، ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ? ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ کﻠیﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺗی کﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺎیپ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣیﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻟیﺴﺖ کﻨﺪ. ? Com ﻣﻤکﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺘی ﺍﺯ پﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ یک ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑیﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷیﺪ، ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎیپ چﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ پﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ، ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ? ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ کﻠیﻪ پﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ کﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺎیپ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣیﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻟیﺴﺖ کﻨﺪ. ? Command parm یک یﺎ چﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ کﻠیﺪ Tab ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧیﺪ، ﺑﻘیﻪ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣیﺸﻮﻧﺪ. ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗیکﻪ چﻨیﻦ ﻧﺸﺪ، ﻣﻤکﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑیﺶ ﺍﺯ یک ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ کﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ یﺎ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣیﺸﻮﻧﺪ. > Command parm<Tab 5
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Starting a Router CLI ﺩﺭ Help ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ . چﻪ پﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎیی ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎیﺪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ Show interfaces ﻣیﺨﻮﺍﻫیﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﻧیﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Switch#show interfaces ? Ethernet IEEE 802. 3 Fast. Ethernet IEEE 802. 3 Gigabit. Ethernet IEEE 802. 3 z Vlan Catalyst Vlans etherchannel Show interface etherchannel information switchport Show interface switchport information trunk Show interface trunk information <cr> Switch#show interfaces Show interfaces ﺍﻭﻟیﻦ پﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ 6
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی کﻠیﺪﻫﺎی ﻣیﺎﻧﺒﺮ (Automatic scrolling of long lines. ) Ctrl-A Ctrl-E Move to the end of the command line. Esc-B Move back one word. Esc-F Move forward one word. Ctrl-B Move back one character. Ctrl-F Move forward one character. Ctrl-D 7 Move to the beginning of the command line. Delete a single character.
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Router Command History Ctrl-P or Up Arrow Ctrl-N or Down Arrow Recalls more recent commands show history Shows command buffer contents history size line Sets the buffer size permanently terminal history size lines 8 Recalls last (previous) commands Sets session command buffer size
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی (User mode) ﻟیﺴﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪ کﺎﺭﺑﺮ Router>? Exec commands: access-enable atmsig cd clear connect dir disable disconnect enable exit help lat lock login logout -- More -- Create a temporary Access-List entry Execute Atm Signalling Commands Change current device Reset functions Open a terminal connection List files on given device Turn off privileged commands Disconnect an existing network connection Turn on privileged commands Exit from the EXEC Description of the interactive help system Open a lat connection Lock the terminal Log in as a particular user Exit from the EXEC . ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎیپ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ? ﻟیﺴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪ ﺟﺎﺭی ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ 9
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Privileged-Mode ﻟیﺴﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ Router#? Exec commands: access-enable access-profile access-template bfe cd clear clock configure connect copy debug delete dir disable disconnect enable erase exit help -- More -10 Create a temporary Access-List entry Apply user-profile to interface Create a temporary Access-List entry For manual emergency modes setting Change current directory Reset functions Manage the system clock Enter configuration mode Open a terminal connection Copy from one file to another Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') Delete a file List files on a filesystem Turn off privileged commands Disconnect an existing network connection Turn on privileged commands Erase a filesystem Exit from the EXEC Description of the interactive help system
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ show ﺍیﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ یکی ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ IOS ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍیﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﺿﻌیﺖ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈیﻤﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻣیﺩﻫﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍیﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣیﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠکﺮﺩ ﺳﺎیﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺷﺪ. show version show flash show running-config show startup-config 11
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی show version Command Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C 2600 Software (C 2600 -JS-M), Version 12. 0(7 a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc 1) Copyright (c) 1986 -2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Tue 05 -Feb-02 01: 48 by pwade Image text-base: 0 x 80008088, data-base: 0 x 80 B 0404 C ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11. 3(2)XA 4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc 1) Router uptime is 1 minute System restarted by reload System image file is "flash: c 2600 -js-mz. 120 -7 a. bin" cisco 2610 (MPC 860) processor (revision 0 x 300) with 53248 K/12288 K bytes of memory. Processor board ID JAD 06090 BMD (2719249260) M 860 processor: part number 0, mask 49 Bridging software. X. 25 software, Version 3. 0. 0. Super. LAT software (copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp). TN 3270 Emulation software. Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1. 1. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802. 3 interface(s) 2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s) 1 ISDN Basic Rate interface(s) 32 K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384 K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0 x 2102 12
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺧﺮﻭﺟی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ show version چﻴﺰی ﺑﻤﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩی ﺍﺳﺖ. Ø ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ROM Ø ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ IOS Ø ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ آﻐﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ Ø ﻧﺴﺨﻪ boot loader Ø ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ Ø ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ RAM ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ Ø آگﺎﻫی ﺍﺯ آﺨﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ) ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘی ، system reset ﻭ. . . ( Ø ﻓﺎﻳﻞ image ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ آﻦ آﻐﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ (IOS Ø ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮﺩ پﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣی ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ آﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ Ø ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ ﻫﺎی Ethernet ﻭ (Serial Ø ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗی ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻨﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. Ø ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ NVRAM ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ آﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧگﻬﺪﺍﺭی ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ. Ø ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ) ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋﻴچ ( ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ آﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧگﻬﺪﺍﺭی ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ show version ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺳﻮﺋﻴچ ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﻳگﺮی ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ. Ø ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ ﺳﻮﺋﻴچ Ø ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩ Ø ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ Ø ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﻮﺋﻴچ Ø آﺪﺭﺱ MAC ﺳﻮﺋﻴچ Ø آﻴﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ password recovery ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟ 31
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی show flash Command Router#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c 2500 -js-l_120 -3. bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total] 16384 K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) 14
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍی ﻓﺎیﻠﻬﺎی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی 51
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍی ﻓﺎیﻞ ﻫﺎی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی RAM ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Router#show running-config Building configuration. . . Current configuration: ! version 12. 0 ! -- More -- ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍی ﻓﺎیﻞ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی startup-config 16 NVRAM ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Router#show startup-config Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes ! version 12. 0 ! -- More -- ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍی ﻓﺎیﻞ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی startup-config
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی Configuration Mode ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی، یکی ﺩیگﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻫﺎی CLI ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍیﻦ ﻣﺪ ﻣیﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪیﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔی ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﻣیﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈیﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ. ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ ﺯیﺮ چگﻮﻧگی ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻣیﺩﻫﺪ. ﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ Privilege Mode Config t enable ﻣﺪ کﺎﺭﺑﺮ User Mode Router#config t Ctrl+Z or exit Configuration Mode Router>enable #) Router(config Each command RAM ) (Active Config 71
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺗﻐیﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ Router#config t Router(config)#hostname jahad_router #) jahad_router(config ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ: ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ hostname ﻣیﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ یﺎ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐییﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﺍیﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ. hostname 81
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺗﻌﺮیﻒ ﺑﻨﺮ یﺎ پیﻐﺎﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻨﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ banner motd ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣی گﺮﺩﺩ ) ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻛﺘﺮ # ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎی پﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ (. # Router(config)#banner motd # This is a secure system ” “message of the day ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﻮﺿیﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ description ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ ) ﺩﺭﺝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗی ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ ﺧﺎﺹ ( Router(config-if)#description Connection to the Main office ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ: # …… # banner motd . … description 91
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺗﻌﺮیﻒ ﺑﻨﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ Massage-of-the-day Banner jahad_router#config t jahad_router(config)#banner motd # it is jahad router # jahad_router(config)# 20
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮﻫﺎی ﺳیﺴکﻮ پﻨﺞ Password ﺩﺍﺭیﻢ: v ﺳﻪ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ User Mode ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ پیﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ Encrypt ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧیﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ: Ø Console Password Ø Auxiliary Password Ø Telnet (VTY) Password v ﺩﻭ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ Privileged Mode ﺍﺳﺖ: Ø Enable password Ø Enable secret password Enable password ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ پیﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ Encrypt ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧیﺴﺖ ﻭﻟی Enable secret password ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ پیﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ Encrypt ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. پیﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ enable secret ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻟیﻞ ﺍیﻨکﻪ ﺍیﻦ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺤکﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎیﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍیﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷیﺪ کﻪ کﻠﻤﻪ یﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭی ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺗﺎیپ کﺮﺩﻩ ﺍیﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺳﻌی ﻣی کﻨﺪ آﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟی )ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ IP ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ(ﺗﻔﺴیﺮ ﻧﻤﺎیﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎیﺴﺘی ﺑﺮﺍی ﻣﺪﺗی ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧیﺪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺟﻠﻮگیﺮی ﺍﺯ ﺍیﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣی ﺗﻮﺍﻧیﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯیﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ کﻨیﺪ : Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup 12
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻭﺭﻭﺩی ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ Console password enable password ﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻣﺪ کﺎﺭﺑﺮ Privileged Mode User Mode Telnet password enable secret Network Modem Auxiliary password Access From Console Auxiliary Telnet 22 Password Type Console password Auxiliary password Telnet password Configuration Line console 0 Login Password co 123 Line aux 0 Login Password aux 123 Line vty 0 4 Login Password vty 123 tel
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی : ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣیکﻨیﻢ Console ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯیﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی پﻮﺭﺕ Step 1. From the privileged EXEC (enable) prompt, enter configuration mode ((config)) and then switch to line configuration mode ((config-line), by issuing the following commands: router#conf t router(config)#line con 0 router(config-line)# Step 2. Configure the password, and enable password checking at login. router(config-line)#password admin 1 router(config-line)#login Step 3. Exit configuration mode. router(config-line)#end router# Step 4. Verify the configuration. Examine the configuration of the router to make sure that the commands have been properly entered by issuing the show running-config command. router#exit. ﻣیﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤیﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺷﻮیﻢ enter ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺩﻥ کﻠیﺪ Con 0 ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ Step 5. Save your configuration. router#write memory 23
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی : ( ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣیکﻨیﻢ Virtual terminal) یﺎ ﺗﺮﻣیﻨﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯی Telnet ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯیﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی Step 1. From the privileged mode prompt, enter configuration mode (config) and then switch to line configuration mode ((config-line)), by issuing the following commands: router#conf t router(config)#line vty 0 4 router(config-line)# Step 2. Configure the password, and enable password checking at login. router(config-line)#password admin 2 router(config-line)#login Step 3. Exit configuration mode. router(config-line)# endrouter# Step 4. Verify the configuration. router#telnet Step 5. Save your configuration. router#write memory 24
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی : ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣیکﻨیﻢ Auxiliary (AUX) ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯیﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی پﻮﺭﺕ Step 1. From the privileged EXEC (or enable) prompt, enter configuration mode ((config)) and then switch to line configuration mode ((config-line)), by issuing the following commands: router#conf t router(config)#line aux 0 router(config-line)# Step 2. Configure the password, and enable password checking at login. router(config-line)#password admin 3 router(config-line)#login Step 3. Exit configuration mode. router(config-line)#end router# Step 4. Verify the configuration. Examine the configuration of the router to make sure that the commands have been properly entered by issuing the show running-config command. Step 5. Save your configuration. router#write memory 25
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ Configuring a Router Password Console Network ﻏیﺮﻓﻌﺎﻝ کﺮﺩﻥ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ 62
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳیﺴکﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ: q ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮی ) (Global commands ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺗی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ کﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی آﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺛیﺮ ﻣی گﺬﺍﺭﺩ. ﻣﺜﻼ ﺗﻌییﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ یﺎ ﺳﻮﺋیچ یک ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Global ﺍﺳﺖ چﻮﻥ یک ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. enable Secret banner hostname q ﺯیﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ) (Subcommands ﺍیﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻗﺴﻤﺘی ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺛیﺮ ﻣیگﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍی پیکﺮ ﺑﻨﺪی یک ﻣﺎژﻮﻝ، پﻮﺭﺕ یﺎ ﺑﺨﺸی ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻣﺜﻼ description switch port ip address shutdown no Shutdown 72
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ Router> enable -----------------------------Router# Configuration Mode ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی Router#configure terminal ------------Global ﺩﺭﺝ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ- ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Router(config)#enable password cisco --------Global کﻨﺴﻮﻝ - ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ line ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ Router(config)#line console 0 -----------------Subcommands ﺩﺭﺝ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ – ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Router(config-line)#password cisco -----------------Subcommands ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ – ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Router(config-line)#login -----------------. ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺑﺮﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ Global – چﻮﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Global ﺗﻐییﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ - ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Router(config-line)#hostname cisco-R Global ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ - ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ cisco-R(config)#interface fast. Ethernet 0/0 -------------Subcommand ﺩﺭﺝ ﺗﻮﺿیﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ – ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ cisco-R(config-if)#description link to ICT Department ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﻪ یک ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ cisco-R(config-if)#exit ----------------------Global ( - ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ telnet) ﺗﺮﻣیﻨﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯی line ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ cisco-R(config)#line vty 0 4 ------------cisco-R(config-line)#password cisco --------------- Subcommands ﺩﺭﺝ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ – ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ Subcommands ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ - ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ cisco-R(config-line)#login -------------------- - چﻮﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮی ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺑﺮﻣیگﺮﺩﺩ Global ﺩﺭﺝ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻩ - ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ cisco-R(config-line)#enable secret cisco 1 ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ cisco-R(config)#end --------------------------cisco-R# 28
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺭﻣﺰﻧگﺎﺭی کﺮﺩﻥ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻭﺵ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ گﺬﺍﺭی ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ آﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳی ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻓﺰﺍیﺶ ﺍﻣﻨیﺖ، ﻣی ﺑﺎیﺴﺖ پﺴﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻣﺰﻧگﺎﺭی ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﺎیﻞ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍیﻦ کﺎﺭ ﻣیﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ service password-encryption ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. پﺴﻮﺭﺩ enable secret ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ پیﺶﻓﺮﺽ ﺭﻣﺰﻧگﺎﺭی ﺷﺪﻩ) (Encrypted ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻیﻪ ﻣیﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍیﻦ پﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. Switch#show running : Building configuration. . . Current configuration ! version 12. 0 no service pad service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime service password-encryption ! hostname Switch ! enable password 7 $1$l. KRM$I ! ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ: ﻓﻌﺎﻝ کﺮﺩﻥ service password-encryption ﻏیﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ کﺮﺩﻥ no service password-encryption 92
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﻓﺎیﻞ ﻫﺎی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی • • NVRAM Terminal TFTP server Erase start copy {tftp | running-config | startup-config} 30
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯی ﻓﺎیﻞ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی Saving Configurations ( ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺑﺎ کپی کﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍی ﻓﺎیﻞ NVRAM) پﺲ ﺍﺯ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ، ﻣیﺒﺎیﺴﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺩﺍﺋﻤی . ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﻣیﺷﻮﻧﺪ Startup-config ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻓﺎیﻞ Runnin-config Router#copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration… Router# : ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ: ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ copy running-config startup-config write memory 31
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﻓﺎیﻞ ﻫﺎی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺗﻬیﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ پﺸﺘیﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎیﻞ ﻫﺎی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی Router#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10. 1. 1. 1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa. cfg. !! 1684 bytes copied in 13. 300 secs (129 bytes/sec) Router#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10. 1. 1. 1 Source filename []? wgroa. cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp: //10. 1. 1. 1/wgroa. cfg. . . Loading wgroa. cfg from 10. 1. 1. 1 (via Ethernet 0): ! [OK - 1684/3072 bytes] 1684 bytes copied in 17. 692 secs (99 bytes/sec) 32
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی چگﻮﻧگی ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ IOS image ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Flash ﻓﺎیﻞ IOS ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Flash ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟیﻞ ﺍیﻨکﻪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Flash ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ، ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻏیﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣیﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎیﻞ IOS ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ Flash ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. q ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ: ﺗﻬیﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺟﺪیﺪ IOS ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭی ﺳﺎیﺖ www. Cisco. com q ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ: ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺟﺪیﺪ IOS ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ TFTP q ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ: ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ IOS ﺟﺪیﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ TFTP ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Flash ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯیﺮ copy tftp flash ﺣیﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ، ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯیﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣی ﺩﻫﺪ. 1 آﺪﺭﺱ IP یﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ TFTP چیﺴﺖ؟ 2 ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎیﻞ IOS ﺟﺪیﺪ چیﺴﺖ؟ 3 آیﺎ ﺟﺎی ﺧﺎﻟی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Flash ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ 4 آیﺎ ﻓﺎیﻠی ﺑﺎ آﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ 5 آیﺎ ﻣی ﺧﻮﺍﻫیﺪ ﻓﺎیﻞ ﻗﺪیﻤی ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺣﺬﻑ کﻨیﺪ. 33
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی چگﻮﻧگی ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ IOS image ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ Flash ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ IOS ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫیﻞ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ: کپی TFTP ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی Flash ------------------------ آﺪﺭﺱ IP ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣیکﻨﺪ کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍیﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ 2. 1. 1. 01 ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣیکﻨیﻢ 2. 1. 1. 01 ? ][ Address or name of remote host Router#copy tftp flash ----- Source filename []? c 2600 -i-mz. 122 -28. bin ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎیﻞ IOS کﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺳﺮﻭﺭ TFTP ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ. ? ] Destination filename [c 2600 -i-mz. 122 -28. bin آیﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎیﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﻓﻠﺶ ﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟ -------- . . Accessing tftp: //10. 1. 1. 2/c 2600 -i-mz. 122 -28. bin : 2. 1. 1. 01 Loading c 2600 -i-mz. 122 -28. bin from !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ کپی کﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎیﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ] [OK - 5571584 bytes ) 5571584 bytes copied in 6. 396 secs (199596 bytes/sec Router#conf t ﺗﻌﺮیﻒ ﻧﺎﻡ IOS ﺟﺪیﺪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺑﺎﺭگﺬﺍﺭی ------- Router(config)#boot system flash c 2600 -i-mz. 122 -28. bin Router(config)#^Z ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ IOS ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼیﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ 43
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Flash ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ IOS image چگﻮﻧگی ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ IOS ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ Running-config ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍی ﻓﺎیﻞ Router#show running-config -------------Building configuration. . . Current configuration : 557 bytes ! version 12. 4 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname Router ! ! boot system flash c 2600 -i-mz. 122 -28. bin ---------------- boot system ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ! ! ! Router#write memory ------------------------- ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ Building configuration. . . [OK] Router#reload ------------------------- ﺭیﺴﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ 35
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ Ø ﺳﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤیﻂ CLI ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ: 1 - Telnet 3 - Auxiliary 2 - Console Ø ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ Console ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ کﺎﺑﻞ Rollover ﺍﺳﺖ. Ø ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ پﻮﺭﺕ AUX ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ. Ø ﻣﻮﻗﻌی ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ Telnet ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ کﻪ یک ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ IP ﺑﺮﺍی آﻦ ﺗﻨﻈیﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. Ø ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ : RAM ،NVRAM ،Flash ،ROM Ø ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌیﺖ ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯی ﺍﺳﺖ. Ø پﺲ ﺍﺯ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ، ﺍگﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠکﺮﺩ ﺻﺤیﺢ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﺪیﺪ، ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺭﺍ ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﺋیﺪ. 63
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ/ﺳﻮﺋیچ Router/switch Interface configuration 73
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ/ﺳﻮﺋیچ Router/switch Interface configuration 4500 Series ﺳﺮی 0054،0005 ﻭ 0056 ﻣﺒﺘﻨی ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺳی ﻣیﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﺎژﻮﻝ GBIC Slot Interface 3750 Series 42 - 2950 T ﻣﺎژﻮﻝ SFP کﺎﻧکﺘﻮﺭ LC 83
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ/ﺳﻮﺋیچ Router/switch Interface configuration Supervisor Engine Switch 4507 Chasses ﻣﺎژﻮﻝ GBIC 39
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ/ﺳﻮﺋیچ Router/switch Interface configuration Fastethernet Module 0 F 0/3 F 0 G 0/0 F 1 S 0 Gigabitethernet Module 0 G 0 Serial Module 0 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺎژﻮﻝ S 0/0 S 0/1 ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ 40 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ پﻮﺭﺕ
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ/ﺳﻮﺋیچ Router/switch Interface configuration ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ) (Interface Configuration mode ﺍیﻦ ﻣﺪ کﻪ ﺯیﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍﺳﺖ، یکی ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ پﺮکﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤیﻂ CLI ﻣیﺒﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍیﻦ ﻣﺪ ﻣیﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺴﻬﺎی ﺳﻮﺋیچ یﺎ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ : پﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺋیچ یﺎ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ گﻮیﻨﺪ. ﻣﺜﻼ 0 Fast Ethernet 0, Ethernet 0/1, serial ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ: ﺩﺭ ﺷکﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺝ 0 ethernet ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤیﻂ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭی کﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ، ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ)پﻮﺭﺕ( 0 ethernet ﺗﺎﺛیﺮ ﻣیگﺬﺍﺭﺩ. Switch#conf t 0 Switch(config)#ethernet #) Switch(config-if ﻣﺤیﻂ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ 14
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺭﻭﺗﺮ/ﺳﻮﺋیچ Router/switch Interface configuration 0 ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤیﻂ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ Router#configure terminal Router(config)#interface ethernet 0 Router(config-if)#ip address 192. 168. 1. 1 255. 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#exit ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ 0 ﺗﻮﺿیﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ پﻮﺭﺕ 0 ﻓﻌﺎﻝ کﺮﺩﻥ پﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 0 ﺑﻪ پﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ IP ﺗﺨﺼیﺺ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﻮﺿیﺢ Router(config)#interface ethernet 0 Router(config-if)#description connected to ICT department Router(config-if)#exit 42
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻭﺿﻌیﺖ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎ . ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯیﺮ، ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﻴﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣی ﺩﻫﺪ Router#show interfaces Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 00 e 0. 1 e 5 d. ae 2 f (bia 00 e 0. 1 e 5 d. ae 2 f) Internet address is 10. 1. 1. 11/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04: 00 Last input 00: 07, output 00: 08, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred 43
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻭﺿﻌیﺖ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎ Interpreting the Interface Status 44
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻭﺿﻌیﺖ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ ﻫﺎ interface serial 0 ﺑﺮﺭﺳی ﻭﺿﻌیﺖ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی Router#show interface serial 0 Serial 0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD 64570 Internet address is 10. 140. 4. 2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00: 09, output 00: 04, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec (output omitted) 45
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻫﺎی LAN ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺳیﺴکﻮ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺎی ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔی ﺍﺯ آﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍیﻢ. ﺩﺭ ﺍیﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ آﻦ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ چگﻮﻧگی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ CLI ﻭ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ آﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺮیﺢ ﻣیکﻨیﻢ. ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ: ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ پﻮﺭﺕ ﺯیﺎﺩ کﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ پﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ پﺎییﻦ ﻻیﻪ کﺎﺭی ﺩﻭ، ﺩﻭ-ﺳﻪ پﺮﻭﺗکﻞ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی کﻢ ﺯیﺎﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﺒکﻪ LAN, WAN 64
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻫﺎی LAN ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺳیﺴکﻮ ﻻیﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ) (Core Layer ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺳیﺴکﻮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔی ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻫﺎی ﺷﺒکﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟیﺪ ﻣیکﻨﺪ کﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺑکﺎﺭگیﺮی ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭی چﻨﺪﻻیﻪ ﺍی ﺑﺴیﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. یک ﺳﺮی ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨی یک ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎیی ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮکی ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀی ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺭیﺰ ﻫﻤچﻮﻥ چگﺎﻟی پﻮﺭﺕ )ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ پﻮﺭﺕ(، ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎی ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ) (Core Switches ﺳﺮی Cisco Catalyst 0058 ﺳﺮیﻊ، ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺟﻮﻻﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ کﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻻیﻪ 3 ﻭ ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ATM ﺑﻄﻮﺭ یکپﺎﺭچﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺧیﺮی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎﺧیﺮ ﺳیﻢ ﻣیﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮی Cisco Catalyst 0056 ﺳﺮیﻊ، ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺟﻮﻻﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍی کﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺷﺒکﻪ پﺮﺩیﺰﻩ ﺍی ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒکﻪ ،WAN ﺍیﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﺍکﺰ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﻤﺮکﺰ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣیﻦ پﻬﻨﺎی ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍی کﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻬﺎیی ﺑﺴیﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺳﺮی Cisco Catalyst 0054 ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﻣﺎﺟﻮﻻﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎیی ﺳیﺴکﻮ، ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎیی ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻻیﻪ 2 ﻭ 3 ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺑکﺎﺭگیﺮی ﺩﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺒکﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘیﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺴیﺎﺭ ﻣﻔیﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ. 74
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻫﺎی LAN ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺳیﺴکﻮ ﻻیﻪ ﺗﻮﺯیﻊ ) (Distribution Layer ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎی ﺗﻮﺯیﻊ ) (Distribution Switches ﺳﺮی Cisco Catalyst 0553 ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠیﺘﻬﺎی ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ چﻨﺪﻻیﻪ ﺍی، ﺗﻀﻤیﻦ کیﻔیﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ) (QOS ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣکﺎﻥ ﺳﺮی کﺮﺩﻥ ) ،(Stackable ﺗﻀﻤیﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی ﺩﺍﺋﻢ، گﺰیﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒی ﺑﺮﺍی ﻻیﻪ ﺗﻮﺯیﻊ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﺭ ﻣی ﺭﻭﺩ. چگﺎﻟی پﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ. ﺳﺮی Cisco Catalyst 0573 ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﺟﺪیﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮی ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠیﺘﻬﺎی ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ چﻨﺪﻻیﻪ ﺍی، ﺗﻀﻤیﻦ کیﻔیﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ) (QOS ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣکﺎﻥ ﺳﺮی کﺮﺩﻥ ) ،(Stackable ﺗﻀﻤیﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی ﺩﺍﺋﻢ، ﺑﺎﺯگﺸﺖ پﺬیﺮی ﺳﺮیﻊ، ﺳﺎﺩگی کﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی، گﺰیﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒی ﺑﺮﺍی ﻻیﻪ ﺗﻮﺯیﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒکﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﺭ ﻣی ﺭﻭﺩ. ﺳﺮی Cisco Catalyst 0054/0004 ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﻣﺎﺟﻮﻻﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎیی ﺳیﺴکﻮ، ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎیی ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻻیﻪ 2 ﻭ 3 ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒکﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺴیﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﺭ ﻻیﻪ ﺗﻮﺯیﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒکﻬﺠﻬﺎی ﻣﻘیﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻻیﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺑکﺎﺭ ﻣی ﺭﻭﺩ. 84
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻫﺎی LAN ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺳیﺴکﻮ ﻻیﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی ) (Access Layer ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎی ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی ) (Access Switches ﺳﺮی 0092 Cisco Catalyst ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎ کﺎﻣﻼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی چگﺎﻟی ﺑﺎﻻی پﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ) (Fixed ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍی یکﺎﺭگیﺮی ﺩﺭ ﻻیﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍیﺴﺘگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی کﺎﺭی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮی 0492 Cisco Catalyst ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ پﺬیﺮ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ پﻮﺭﺕ کﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤیﻄﻬﺎی کﻮچک ﺍﺯ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ. ﺳﺮی 0792 Cisco Catalyst ﺍیﻦ ﺳﺮی ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎ ﻣیﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍیﺴﺘگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی کﺎﺭی ﺩﺭ ﻻیﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی، ﺧﻄﻮﻁ گیگﺎﺑیﺖ ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘیﺎﺭ ﺑگﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﺗﺎﺧیﺮ ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎﺧیﺮ ﺳیﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺍﺭﺍ چگﺎﻟی پﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤیﻄﻬﺎی کﻮچک ﺑﺎ ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ پﻬﻨﺎی ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ گﺰیﻨﻪ ﺑﺴیﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒی ﺍﺳﺖ. 94
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻫﺎی LAN ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺳیﺴکﻮ ﺳﺮی 0592 Cisco Catalyst ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ 0592 Cisco catalyst کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺳﻮﺋیچﻬﺎی ”پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺛﺎﺑﺖ“ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭی ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍیﺴﺘگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی کﺎﺭی ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ”ﻻیﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی“ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺷﺒکﻪ ﻫﺎی کﻮچک ﺑکﺎﺭ ﻣی آیﻨﺪ. ﺍﻋﻀﺎی ﺍیﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی پﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎی ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ ﺳﺮیﻊ ) ( 100 Mbps ﻭ ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ گیگﺎ ﺑیﺖ ) ( 1000 Mbps ﺑﺎ چگﺎﻟی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮیﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺧیﺮی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎﺧیﺮ ﺳیﻢ ﻫﺪﺍیﺖ ﻣی کﻨﻨﺪ. 2950 Series ﺩﻭ پﻮﺭﺕ گیگﺎ ﺑیﺖ ﺍﺳﻼﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ گیگﺎﺑیﺖ ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ، ﻣﺤﻠی ﺑﺮﺍی ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﺎﺟﻮﻝ GBIC 42 - 2950 T 42 پﻮﺭﺕ 001 ﻣگﺎﺑیﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻓیﺲ یﺎ پﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍی ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ x/y ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ. x ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺎﺟﻮﻝ ﻭ y ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ پﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺟﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ 0592 ﻫﻤیﺸﻪ x ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ 0 ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻣﺜﻼ پﻮﺭﺕ 1/0 یﺎ 42/0 05
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺳیﺴکﻮ LAN ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻫﺎی Cisco Catalyst 2950 ﺳﺮی Part Number WS-C 2950 -12 and WS-C 2950 -24 12 or 24 10/100 Ethernet ports Connector Type Cable Type WS-C 2950 G-12 -EI, WS-C 2950 G-24 -EI -DC, and WS-C 2950 G-48 -EI 12, 24, or 48 10/100 Ethernet ports and 2 GBIC module slots WS-C 2950 SX-24 and WS-C 2950 SX-48 -SI 24 or 48 10/100 Ethernet ports and 2 1000 BASE-SX ports WS-C 2955 T-12 WS-C 2950 T-24 WS-C 2950 T-48 -SI 12, 24 or 48 10/100 Ethernet ports and 2 10/1000 Ethernet ports WS-C 2955 S-12 12 10/100 Ethernet ports and 2 100 Base-FX ports 51 Category 5, 5 e, or 6 UTP cable RJ-45 (for 10/100 ports) Category 5, 5 e, or 6 UTP cable MT-RJ fiber-optic MMF fiber-optic RJ-45 (for 10/100 ports) WS-C 2955 C-12 and WS-C 2950 C-24 12 or 24 10/100 Ethernet ports and 2 100 BASE-FX ports RJ-45 Category 5, 5 e, or 6 UTP GBIC: RJ-45 for 1000 Base-T GBIC or SC fiber-optic (for 1000 Base. SX/LX/ZX and CWDM GBICs) or Gigastack GBIC: Cat 5, 5 e, 6 UTP or MMF/SMF fiber-optic or Giga. Stack cable RJ-45 (for 10/100 ports) Category 5, 5 e, or 6 UTP MT-RJ fiber-optic (for 1000 BASE-SX ports) MMF/SMF fiber-optic RJ-45 Category 5, 5 e, or 6 UTP cable RJ-45 (for 10/100 ports) Category 5, 5 e, or 6 UTP MT-RJ fiber-optic SMF fiber-optic
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی چگﻮﻧگی ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺧﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ) (CLI ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪ ﻭ آﻦ ﺭﺍ پﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﺍیﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ: 1( ) Console ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ کﺎﻣپیﻮﺗﺮ( 2( )Telnet ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ- ﺷﺒکﻪ( Console Router/Switch Enable Network Telnet ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻣﺪ کﺎﺭﺑﺮ Privilege Mode User Mode ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺪ پیکﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺋیچ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺭﻭﺗﺮ، ﻧﻤیﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ CLI ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍیﻦ ﺳﻮﺋیچ پﻮﺭﺕ AUX ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ. 25
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ آﺪﺭﺱ ﻫﺎی ﻓیﺰیکی ﺳﻮﺋیچ Switch>en Switch#show mac-address-table Mac Address Table ---------------------Vlan ---Switch# 53 Mac Address ------ Type ---- Ports -----
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Cisco Discovery Protocol CDP Upper-Layer Entry Addresses TCP/IP Cisco Proprietary Data-Link Protocol CDP discovers and shows information about directly connected Cisco devices Media Supporting SNAP LANs Novell IPX Frame Relay Apple. Talk ATM Others q q CDP discovers neighbor devices regardless of which protocol suite they are running q 54 A proprietary utility that gives you a summary of directly connected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices Physical media must support the Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) encapsulation
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Discovering Neighbors with CDP Runs on routers with Cisco IOS 10. 3 or later and Cisco switches and hubs Summary information includes: Device identifiers – Address list – Port identifier – Capabilities list – Platform – 55 • CDP • CDP show cdp
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Using CDP Switch. A Router. A S 0 10. 3. 3. 2 10. 3. 3. 1 10. 1. 1. 1 Switch. B 10. 1. 1. 2 Router. A#sh cdp ? entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP interface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighbor entries traffic CDP statistics <cr> Router. A(config)#no cdp run Router. A(config)#interface serial 0 Router. A(config-if)#no cdp enable 56 Router. B 10. 2. 2. 1 10. 2. 2. 2
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Using the show CDP neighbor Command Switch. A Router. A S 0 10. 3. 3. 2 10. 3. 3. 1 10. 1. 1. 1 S 1 Router. B 10. 1. 1. 2 10. 2. 2. 1 Router. A#sh cdp neighbors Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Router. B Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1 Switch. A 0050 BD 855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2 Switch. A also provides its Mac address 57 Switch. B 10. 2. 2. 2
ﺳﻮﺋیچیﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﺴیﺮیﺎﺑی Using the show CDP entry Command Switch. A Router. A S 0 10. 3. 3. 2 10. 3. 3. 1 10. 1. 1. 1 S 1 Router. B Switch. B 10. 1. 1. 2 10. 2. 2. 1 10. 2. 2. 2 Router. A#sh cdp entry * ------------Device ID: Router. B Entry address(es): IP address: 10. 1. 1. 2 Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial 0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial 1 Holdtime : 168 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C 2500 -JS-L), Version 12. 0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci) Copyright (c) 1986 -1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 08 -Feb-99 18: 18 by phanguye 58
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