
5048b055a841a2005ba621485ebcb065.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 49
无管道净气型通风柜与净气型储药柜 如何在化学实验室降低空调能耗 李强民 教授 卢道尼 先生 欧洲排风柜标准委员会(WG 4)成员 : 欧洲排风柜标准:EN 14175 同济大学 教授: 暖通空调研究所 中国机械 业部 排风柜标准(JB/T 6412 -1999) 美国SEFA协会 成员 (科学仪器及实验室家具协会) 主要起草人 销售副总监: 依拉勃(集团) 上海市职业安全与健康协会 美国ASHRAE 理事 会员 总经理: 依拉勃(中国) 谢俊 先生 销售主管: 依拉勃(中国)公司
实验室的概念 What is a lab ?
目前主要有两类实验室: There are 2 main types of labs: 控制实验室 Control laboratories (质量控制实验室, 医学实验室…) (Quality control labs, medical labs, …) R&D 实验室 Research & Development laboratories
- 质量控制实验室 (QC 实验室): 此类实验室的功能在于检测所生产产品(实用油, 食品, 化学品, 药品等)的质量, 并保证其质量遵循 国家相关标准, 由此可将产品安全投放市场. Its role is to check any defect in a manufactured product (oil, food, chemical, medicine, etc. . ) and make sure that the product complies with the quality level required by the National or International standards, so it can be delivered safely to the customers. • 越来越多的消费者要求所购产品需随附相关证书 • More and more customers required Quality Certificates with each delivery ! • QC 实验室需定期接受审核: 这意味着实验室中的仪器设备, 作条件, 测试方法须保证其实验 结果及其稳定性. 并且此类审核须由官方认可实验室进行, 而此类定期审核的目的是确保所有实 验条件是符合标准的 • The QC lab shall often be accredited : it means that its equipment, the working conditions, the testing procedures followed shall guarantee the reliability of the testing result and its repeatability ! The accreditation is delivered by Official Certified Laboratories which regularly control the QC lab and make sure that all the conditions are still respected. National Institute of Standards and Technology
- 医用实验室Medical Laboratory 其职责与质量控制实验室类似: 检查人体部位的功能是否正常. 其结果必须具有参考性, 由此医 生才能给出合理的治疗方案. I ts role is similar: to detect any defect in the functioning of the human body. The results shall be fully reliable since it will help to decide the appropriate medical treatment. - 法医实验室Forensic laboratory (Police) 其职责是在案件发生后进行现场采集证据(血液, 头发, 衣服……). 其鉴定结果必须带有说服力, 因为这将是案件的指控与判决的依据!实验操作中涉及的样品可能是非常危险的(带有可疑物质 , 如: 炭疽热病毒的包裹) Its role is to find evidences in samples collected on the scene of a crime: blood, hair, cloth, etc… The result shall be undisputable since it will lead to accusations and sentences of supposed criminals ! The manipulated samples can be very dangerous (package containing suspicious materials like anthrax, etc. . ). - 研发实验室R&D Lab 其职责是是探索新的加 艺与新产品的开发. 这一部门从某种意义上说是决定了制造企业的 未来. 其实验结果必须是安全, 可靠并带有重复性. 尤其是在制药企业的研发实验室里, 在研究新 药的过程中, 一个小小的错误可能会导致将来几十亿美圆的损失 ts role is to find new processes and new products. It is the place where the future of a manufacturing company is determined. Its findings must be certain, repeatable and safe, particularly in Pharmaceutical Laboratories developing new drugs ! Mistakes can cost Billions of US $!
实验室是一个非常特殊的场所 A Lab is a very specific place where: 在实验室里通常有非常昂贵Very expensive and very sensitive instruments are utilised !
实验分析的物质也是非常敏感的! Very sensitive materials are being analysed ! Chemicals Germs ! Powders Radiocative materials
在实验中往往会用到有毒,有害化学品,细菌及病毒! Harmful chemicals for the Operator are being manipulated !
实验室往往聚集着高素质科学家及熟练操作员 High level scientists and skilled lab operators are working !
对于实验室,其主要的考虑点为: For the labs, the main constraints are: - 1 实验结果的可靠性Reliability of the testing ! - 2 实验的可重复性Repeatability of the tests ! - 3 实验中保护样品的品质Protection of the quality of the samples! - 4 在实验过程中实验操作员得到安全保护Safety for the operators ! 实验室中的空气质量是至关重要的! Quality of the air in the lab is of utmost importance !
如何确保实验室内的合适的空气质量? How to guarantee the appropriate air conditions in the lab ?
两类独立的通风系统 2 types of separate ventilation system 全面送风量 全面排风 General 量General 排风柜送风量 Hood air supply 排风柜排风量 用于化学实验操 作的排风柜 (AS) Hood air exhaust (HE) Fume Hoods for chemical experiments air supply air exhaust (S) (GE) 持久,全面排 风,用于净化 实验室内的空 气 General permanent ventilation for cleaning the lab air 排风柜 Fume hood
恒定温度及湿度条件Stable temperature and humidity conditions 室内温度与湿度必须是恒定的, 由此才能确保仪器的正常 作 空气温度 TEMPERATURE and HUMIDITY must be constant to guarantee the proper working conditions of the instruments! t = 22° +/- 3°C 相对湿度 Φ = 50% - 70% ALL THE LABORATORIES SHOULD BE AIR CONDITIONNED !
实验室内的空气流速必须是稳定与均匀的 Speed of air inside the lab must be limited and constant 空气流速 V V ≤ 0, 15 m/s
化学实验室必须处在负压状态下Negative pressure in a chemistry laboratory 全面送风量 排风柜排风 量Hood air 排风柜送风量 Hood air supply (AS) General air supply 全面排风 量General air exhaust (S) (GE) exhaust (HE) 室内压差必须是负的,由此来确保室内 污染不被扩散到其它房间内 Pressure difference must be negative to avoid possible pollution of the lab to be transferred to other rooms around ΔP = (AS +S) - (HE + GE) < 0 排风柜 Fume 排风柜 hood Fume hood NO ! YES !
有害气体浓度必须是最低的Very low chemical concentrations C C 5 C 3 Chemicals concentrations ≤ TWA C 1 C 2 C 6 = 实验室室内有害气体浓 C 4
何为TWA What is the TWA ? 中国: 卫生部 (Health department GBZ 2 -2002) 美国 : 美国国家职业安全 与健康研究所(NIOSH) 吸入量为限值 的平均水平 determine limited concentration of chemicals to inhale in the room air C < TWAs values TWA 或 TLV 意为 吸入的各种化学品达到 损害 人体健康的浓度水平 Limits values dangerous for your health TWA & TLV 吸入量 按每周 40个小时, 每天 8个 小时计算 Calculated for 8 h/day, 40 h per week
如何确保化学气体浓度低于TWA 值 How to keep chemical concentrations below TWA ? 全面送风量 General 全面排风量 air supply General air exhaust (S) (GE) 1 一般室内的通风量 n (Air exchange rate) n ≥ 5 次 / 小时 C < TWAs values 针对未装有任何排风柜的普通房间通风而言
如何确保化学气体浓度低于TWA 值 How to keep chemical concentrations below TWA ? 排风柜送风 量Hood air supply 排风柜排风 (AS) 量Hood air exhaust (HE) 排风 柜 Fume hood C < TWAs values 2 在排风柜内进行化学操作 Use fume hoods for the handling of chemicals !
如何确保化学气体浓度低于TWA 值 How to keep chemical concentrations below TWA ? 3 使用净气型储药柜存放化学品 Use vented storage cabinets for the storage of chemicals ! C < TWAs values
全面通风 General ventilation = + 标准排风柜 Ducted Fume Hoods + 新型净气型储药柜 Vented Storage Cabinets 总的实验室能耗将是多少? What are the energy costs ?
2100 m 3/h 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³ 如果:1个化学实验室的大小为 15 x 7 x 4 m( 420 m³), 24 小时中换气频率为 5 次/小时 1 chemistry lab room 15 x 7 x 4 m height (420 m³ ), air exchange 5 times/hour, 24 hours, consume 122, 640 RMB/y 4台标准型排风柜按每年 220个 作日,每天8个 作小时每台排风柜每小时排风量为 1500 m³ /h 4 Fume hoods 1500 m³ /h, 8 working hours, 220 days, consume 17, 600 RMB each per year * 5台外排式储药柜,每天24小时 作,1台外排式储药柜的空气处理量为 90 m³ /h , 每台消耗空调新风 负荷为 5, 256 RMB 每年 5 ducted Storage cabinets 90 m³ /h, 24 hours, consume 5, 256 RMB each per year* 全面排风能源消耗量Consumption of the General Exhaust : = 122, 640 RMB (55. 9%) 排风柜能源消耗量Consumption of the Fume Hoods : 17600 RMB x 4 = 70, 400 RMB (32. 1%) 外排式储药柜能源消耗量Consumption of the ducted Storage Cabinets: 1154 RMB x 5 = 26, 280 RMB (12 %) 每年总耗能量Total per year 219, 320 RMB *以上数据由同济大学提供, 以上海地区情况为例(2006, 10), 计算使用的是Energy Plus® 软件Calculation for Shanghai area made by Tongji University, College of Mechanical Engineering, using Energy Plus® Software (Oct. 2006)
实验室通风 : 能耗费用 Laboratory ventilation : costs statement 在中国,80,000台标准型排风柜每年约消耗140亿人民币! In China 800, 000 Fume hoods may consume around 14 Billions RMB of energy per year ! 在美国, 1百万台标准型排风柜的排风柜每年的能源损耗约为 32亿美圆(折合人民币约In 为 260亿)! In USA, 1 million Fume hoods consume 3, 2 billions US $ per year = 26 Billions RMB *数据来源于加尼福利亚大学的Dale Sartor, Geoffrey Bell, Evan Mills
净气型通风柜与储药柜 Ductless Filtering Fume Hoods and Storage Cabinets 它们如何在化学实验室降低能耗? How can they help to reduce the energy consumption of chemistry laboratories ?
净气型通风柜 Ductless filtering fume hoods 作原理 How it works ! 风机 Blower 分子过滤器 Molecular filter
无管过滤型的 (Ductless filtering storage cabinet) 风扇(Fan) 过滤器(Filter) 作原理
净气型通风柜的优点与缺点 AIR CONDITIONNERS t = 22°C
净气型通风柜的使用范围 Restricted usage of Ductless filtering fume hoods 每年更换过滤器 Not OK! 每年更换过滤器 OK! 净气型通风柜是针对中小型规模的实验而设计的 Ductless fume hood shall be used for small and medium experiment. Not for large experiment
净气型通风柜可有助于减少外排式排风柜的数量 Ductless Filtering fume hoods help to reduce the number of Ducted fume hoods 标准型排风柜 净气型 通风柜 适用于大规模及经常变化的实验操作 适用于中小规模且相对固定的实验操作 Heavy duty or frequent change of chemicals Light to medium duty 2台外排式排风柜按每年 220个 作日,每天8个 作小时每 台排风柜, 每小时排风量为 1500 m³ /h计算, 每年节约的空调新 风负荷为 5, 280, 000 m³ SAVING OF AIR CON: 2 Ducted hoods X 2300 m 3/h x 8 h x 261 working days =
净气型储药柜的空气净化功能Air cleaning function of Ductless Filtering Storage cabinets 向外的空气流速 : 90 m 3/h 3 m 室内容积 : Room: 30 m 2 x 3 m = 90 m 3 或每一个小时对整个室内 进行换气 = 1 air exchange per hour 3 m 10 m FILTRE MOLECULAIRE
净气型储药柜的空气净化功能 Air cleaning function of Ductless Filtering Storage cabinets 1 2 3 4 5 5 x Ductless filtering storage cabinets, delivering 90 m 3/h each ! Room volume: 420 m³ 5 x 90 m 3/h = 450 m 3/h 在1个 420 m³ 大小的实验室内,5台净气型储药柜可以净化的空气为 450 立方/小时, 约每小时可净化室内空气1次 In a lab room 420 m³, 5 x Ductless filtering storage cabinets will clean the room 450 m³/hour = 1 time/hour 由此,全面通风系统的空气交换可由每小时 5次降为 4次 Air Exchange rate through General Ventilation can be lowered to 4 times per hour instead of 5 times !
2100 m³/h 所有外排式系统的空气 交换率为5次/小时 All ducted systems Air exchange rate: 5 times/hour 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³ 1680 m³/h SAVING OF AIR CON: 420 m 3/h x 24 hx 365 days = 3, 679, 200 m 3/h of Aircon air saved per year ! 外排式与无管过滤式系统 共同使用的情况下的空气 交换率为4次/小时的 Ducted + Ductless systems Air exchange rate: 4 times/hour 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³
1680 m 3/h 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³ 如果:1个化学实验室的大小为 15 x 7 x 4 m( 420 m³),24小时中换气频率为 4 次/小时 1 chemistry lab room 15 x 7 x 4 m height (420 m³ ), air exchange 4 times/hour, 24 hours 2 台标准型排风柜按每年 220个 作日,每天8个 作小时每台排风柜每小时排风量为 1500 m³ /h 2 Fume hoods 1500 m³ /h, 8 working hours, 220 days 2 台净气型排风柜按每年 220个 作日,每天8个 作小时, 每台排风柜每小时排风量为 150 m 3/h 2 Ductless filtering fume hoods, 150 m 3/h, 8 h/day, 220 days/year 5台外排式储药柜,每天24小时 作,1台外排式储药柜的空气处理量为 90 m³ /h 5 ductless filtering storage cabinets 90 m³ /h, 24 hours 全面排风能源消耗量Consumption of the General Exhaust: 排风柜能源消耗量Consumption of the Fume Hoods : 17600 RMB x 2 Consumption of the ductless Storage Cabinets 储药柜能源消耗量Consumption of the ductless Storage Cabinets: 每年总耗能量 Total energy consumption per year = 98, 112 RMB (80%) = 35, 200 RMB (25%) = 0 RMB 133, 312 RMB
能源节约陈述 2100 m³/h Energy saving statement 所有外排式系统的耗能为 219, 320 RMB/年 All ducted systems: 219, 320 RMB /year 1680 m 3/h 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³ 外排+无管系统 133, 312 RMB /年 Ducted + Ductless systems: 133, 312 RMB/year 能耗节约达 39% 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³ Energy saving: 39 %
Filter consumption of Ductless filtering cabinets 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³ 净气型通风柜消耗过滤器的平均费用为: 2, 000 RMB Ductless filtering systems consume filters: Average filter price: 2, 000 RMB 1台净气型通风柜每年消耗的过滤器为2个/年 Consumption of filters for 1 fume hood: 2 x year 1台净气型储药柜每年消耗的过滤器为1个/年Consumption of filters for 1 storage cabinet: 1 x per year 总消耗量Total consumption: 净气型通风柜: Ductless filtering hoods: 2 x 2, 000 RMB = 8, 000 RMB 净气型储药柜: Storage cabinets: 5 x 1 x 2000 RMB = 10, 000 RMB Total 18, 000 RMB
费用节约陈述 Costs saving statement Room volume: 420 m³ 外排+无管系统 Ducted + Ductless Systems: 能源消耗 133, 312 RMB/年 Energy: 133, 312 RMB/year 过滤器消耗 18, 000 RMB/年 所有外排式系统, 能源消耗 219, 320 RMB/年 All Ducted Systems: Energy : 219, 320 RMB/year 费用节约 219, 320 -151, 312 = 68, 008 RMB/年 Costs saving: 219, 320 – 151, 312 = 68, 008 RMB/year Filters: _18, 000 RMB/year 总消耗 151, 312 RMB/年 Total: 151, 312 RMB/year 费用节约达 31 % Costs saving: 31 %
其它无管过滤系统的优点! Other benefits of Ductless Filtering Systems !
移动方便,极易安装!Mobility, easy set-up !
在不改变通风系统的前提下,大大提升了实验室内的通风安全! Increase safety without modifying the air balance of the room ! 2000 m³/h
保护环境! Protect the environment !
减少实验室内的空气紊乱! Reduce air turbulences in the lab ! 室内总空气流6, 660 m³/h Total quantity of air introduced and vented out: 6660 m³/h 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³ 室内总空气流量 4, 680 m³/h Total quantity of air introduced and vented out: 4, 680 m³/h = - 30% 室内体积 Room volume : 420 m³
无管过滤型排风柜的安全标准 Safety requirements for Ductless Filtering Cabinets ?
1 捕集效果 Face velocity = 均衡的空气流动,应避免横 向的干扰气流 Creating a dynamic air barrier resisting to turbulences in the environment of the cabinet = 最小面风速 Capture ! 中国标准(Chinese standard 0. 5 m/s JB/T 6412 -1999
2 控制效果 = 确保化学气体被容留在柜子内, 从而避免它们从操作口流向操作人员 Containing chemicals inside the enclosure to avoid the return of those chemicals to the user through the front sash 控制效果合格 Good containment = 合理的柜体设计 Good enclosure design + 适当的表面风速 Good air velocity inside the enclosure
浓度试验方法 How to test the containment JB/T 6412 – 1999 0. 5 ppm 200 ppm ASHRAE 110 ANSI Z 9. 5 -1992 SF 6 N 2 0. 1 ppm
净气型通风柜只有符合以下标准才能起 到真正的安全保护作用… 过滤效率: 经过滤后,不超过 1% 的 TWA (根据NFX 15 -211标准)
净气型储药柜 DUCTLESS FILTERING CABINETS 的过滤效率依据欧洲最严格的NFX 15 -211标 准在同济大学的通风空调研究所与污染控制 与资源化研究国家重点实验室进行测试并取 得了相关认证 (Filtration efficiency of the Ductless Filtering Cabinets tested and certified to the most stringent filtration standard NFX 15 -211 by the Ventilation Laboratory and the Environment Laboratory of Tongji University)
我们的期望! Our hope ! 1 在中国创立无管净气型排风柜的行业及国家标准, 目前, 我们拥有 中华人民共和国机械行业标准, 排风柜标准(JB/T 6412 -1999). Development in China of a Chinese National or Industrial Standard for Ductless Filtering Cabinets , as there is already one for Ducted Fume Hoods (JB/T 6412 -1999). 2 在中国主要城市(北京, 上海广州)设立检测机构, 以检测各类排风柜的 外泄浓度标准及无管净气型排风柜的过滤标准 (目前在上海同济大学, 已有相关检测部门) Development of Testing Bodies in the main cities Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou), capable to test the Containment of Fume hoods (Ducted Fume Hoods or Ductless Fume Hoods), capable to test the Filtration efficiency of Ductless Filtering Fume cabinets (as there is one now in Tongji University – Shanghai)
非常感谢各位的参与 ! 请自由提问 ! 李强民教授 卢道尼先生 第十五界全国暖通空调制冷学术年会 2006年 11月02日
5048b055a841a2005ba621485ebcb065.ppt