
0e1897b7544d2a3e90cefa2455b44430.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 28
定语从句 考点分析
定语从句考点分析 定语从句是现行教材中的一个重要语法项 目,使学生较难掌握好的语法项目。本 文试结合典型试题就该语法项目中可能 出现的考点作分类例析,供同学们复习 迎考时参考。
考点分析 1 考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . —Is that the reason ______ you had a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where 【简析】根据题意可知,上句是下句“请假”的 原因,所以应该选择表示原因的关系副词why 来修饰the reason,故A项正确。
关系副词where,when和why用来引导定语从 句时,它和关系代词一样,具有多种作用: a.在定语从句中代替先行词。 b.在从句中担任成分——状语,在从句中起 副词和介词短语作用。 c.起连接作用,它把两个句子连接成为一个 带有定语从句的主从复合句。如:
This is the house where I was born.这是我出 生的那间房子。 We’ll never forget the day when we joined the League.我们永远难忘入团的那一天。 The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party. 我给你打电话是因为想邀请你参加我的生日聚 会。
解题技巧 由上可见,选择关系代词与关系副词 的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的成分: 如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定 语时,只能用关系代词;如果关系词在从句中 作状语(时间、地点、原因)则用关系副词。
考点归纳 : 定语从句中常见的关系代词有who ( whom) , whose, that和 which, 它 们 的 用 法分别为: ① who用来代人(即它的先行词必须是人), 在从句中可担任主语和宾语。但who的前面不 能有介词,如果带介词,则必须用宾格的 whom :介词+whom。如: He is the boy with whom I went there.他就是和我一起去那儿的 男孩。
另外,当关系代词that用来代人时,关系代词 who和that在许多情况下可以通用。但有时须 用who,而不用that: a.先行词是one,ones,anyone和those时,须 用who。如: One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。 b.在there be开头的句子中。如: There is an old man who wants to see you.有 位老人要见你。
c.一个句子带有两个定语从句,其中一个定 语从句的关系代词是that,另一个须用 who。 如 The girl that you met last week is the monitor who studies very hard. 上周你遇到的那位女孩是位学习非常努力的 班长。
② whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可 以 代 物 。 当 whose代 物 时 , 它 相 当 于 the +n. +of+which. 当whose代人时,它相当于the +n. +of +whom. 如: Please show me the book whose cover is black. 请把封面是黑色的书拿给我看看。 = Please show me the book, the cover of which is black. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. = This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the world.
③ 当that和which在限定性定语从句中代物时, which常可以和that通用,但有时只宜用which, 不用that: a.如果两个定语从句,其中一句的关系词是 that,另一句宜用which。如: Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.让我给 你看看我从重新开放的图书馆借来的书。
b.关系代词前有介词。如: This is the room in which you will stay.这将是 你住的房间。 另外,非限定性定语从句中,只宜用 which, 不能用that。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
考点分析 2 考查that引导的定语从句。 典型题例 This is the best way ______ has been used against pollution. A.where B.why C.which D.that 简析 指事物的先行词前有“形容词最高级”修饰 时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案 是D项。
考点小结:如有下列情形之一者,只能用that引 导定语从句。 a. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing,few, little,much,any,the one等时。 I’ll do everything that I can to help you. b.先行词既有人又有物时。 Look at the man and his dog that are walking up the street.
c.指事物的先行词前面有“形容词最高级”、“ 序数词”或the only,the very,the last修饰时。 The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities. (两个城市的传说) d.以who,which引出的特殊疑问句中含有定 语从句。 Who is the man that is standing by the door.
考点分析 3 考查which在非限定性定语从句中的应用。 The result of the experiment was very good,______ we hadn't expected(预料) . A.when B.that C.which D.it 简析 该题中所提供的四个选项中,it不可引导 从 句 , that不 能 引 导 非 限 定 性 定 语 从 句 , when不合题意,故正确答案只能是C项。
② 非限定性定语从句,在意义上,它是先行词 的一个附加修饰语,是对先行词的进一步说明。 如果删去它,不影响整个句子的基本意思。如: Wang Dong,who is in the room,wants to ask you some questions. 王东,他在房间里,想问你几个问题。 上述主句是Wang Dong wants to ask you some questions,如果删去从句(who is in the room),并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。
考点小结 ① 限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词,与 先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代 表一个(些)或一类特定的人或东西。如果删 去,则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如: This is the man who gave me the money.这就 是给我钱的那个人。 上句如删去从句who gave me the money,则成 了This is the man.(这是那个人。)完全失去 了整个句子的意思,因而不能删掉。
③ 另外,在意思上,有时限定性和非限定性定 语从句的区别还是较大的。如: In their class,there are fifteen students who can speak English well.(限定性定语从句) 在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。(可 以看出他们班学生要多于十五位) In their class,there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.(非限定性定语从句) 他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。 (可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生,他们英 语口语都好。)
考点分析 4 综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句 的代词的用法。 He said _____ the man ______ had robbed the bank had long hair. A.who;who B.who;that C.that;who D.that;which 简析:该题为他说那个抢劫银行的男人留着长 发。通过审题可发现在该复合句中,既包含了 宾语从句,也包含了定语从句,根据宾语从句 和定语从句的相关知识,可知正确答案应是C 项。
考点分析 5 考查把简单句转换为含有定语从句的复合句。 I like Chinese tea with nothing in it. (同义句 ) I like Chinese tea ___ nothing in it. 简析:原句意为“我喜欢中国清茶”。通过观察 下句可知应用定语从句来修饰“tea。故正确 答案为:that/which has。 解题技巧:定语从句常用来修饰名词或代词, 来表达所修饰的名词或代词的特征。所以中 考在该题型上常考查。
考点分析 6 考查“将含有定语从句的复合句转换为简单句 ”。 The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever.(同义句) The girl ____ the red coat is very clever . 简析:读题后可知上句含义是“穿红上衣的女 孩非常聪明”,对应下句时,可知空格处应 填“穿”,故in是正确答案。
解题技巧:in,with连接短语或词组来修饰名 词,表明名词的形态和特征。这类简单句可以 转换为定语从句。如: The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before. =The strange thing which/that has three legs was used for drinking long before.
考点分析 7 way 后面的定语从句。 I don’t like the way ___ he spoke to me. A. that B. which C. in that D. by which 简析:先行词way后面的定语从句有三种形式, 第一,用in which引导;第二,用that引导; 第三,省略that, 不用引导词. Please tell me the way that you did the job. = Please tell me the way in which you did the job.
考点分析 8 考查定语从句中动词的时态。 Mike was looking at the photos that he ______ in Beijing. A.was taking B.takes C.has taken D.had taken 简析:该题中主句是过去进行时,因此首 先排除B、C两项。再根据常识,又可排 除A项。故只有D项为正确答案。
主谓一致: 试对比: I bought a book yesterday. It was very interesting. =The book which I bought yesterday was very interesting. I bought some books yesterday. They were very interesting. = The books which I bought yesterday were very interesting.
解题技巧:语境型时态题在近年各地中考试题 中频频出现,在定语从句中考查动词的时态, 使考生更难准确判断动词的时态。解该类题时, 同学们一定要领会语境,然后再根据主、从句 中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。 总之,定语从句知识点繁多,但在现行教材中 涉及到的内容较少。同学们在复习时,应注重 基本知识的牢固掌握,对一些常见的考点熟记 于心,再进行适当练习,中/高考时定能取胜。
中央电教馆资源中心制作 2004. 2
0e1897b7544d2a3e90cefa2455b44430.ppt