β Attenuation Method PM 10 2 5 Automated Dichotomous

β Attenuation Method PM 10/2. 5 Automated Dichotomous Monitor Model SPM-613 D ■SPM continuous particulate analyzer developed by joint patent with Japan Science and Technology department of government, Kimoto and Tisch Environmental ■Black Carbon feature originated from work of DRI/EPA and measurement of OC/EC 1

Features Ambient PM 2. 5, or fine fraction is what medical and epidemiological researcher are concerned about for health effects Ambient PM 10, PM 2. 5 and Optical Black Carbon can be measured simultaneously on continuous basis. PM Coarse is calculated and reported as PM 10 - PM 2. 5 = PMC Use of virtual impactor enables two measurements of both Fine and Coarse particles simultaneously with a Japan patented system* Monitor uses proprietary fluorocarbon membrane filter which reduces gas and moisture effect to minimum, and assures high sensitivity Sample spots on fluorocarbon membrane filter useful for analyses of ion components and metal components after mass and Carbon direct measurement 2

Structure of SPM-613 D 3

Virtual Impactor PM 10 and PM 2. 5 Simultaneously 4

Validation and Calibration Device for Particle Size-Cut Testing Particle generator and aerosol mixing chamber to test inlet separators and virtual impactors for size-cut and 5 penetration curves

Cut off curves 6

Fig. 1 Comparison of Virtual Impactor vs WINS Impactor. (1 -hour value) WINS vs. VI and FRM vs. Continuous Fig. 2. Comparison of SPM-613 D vs EPA FRM sampler. (24 -hour average) 7

Fig. 3. Comparison of GRIMM, TEOM (at 50 ℃ controlled) vs SPM-612 D. (- hour value) Fig. 4. Comparison of EC by DRI method vs OBC by SPM 613 D. (1 -hour value) 8

Fig. 5. A daily plot of continuous ambient PM measurements 9

10 Element analysis

11 Time series Chemical Compositon

12 Gas and Particles

13 N&S

14 Winter Time Series/Chemical composition

15 Summer Time series/Chemical compositoin

16 Sampling time comparisons