Скачать презентацию WWII Appeasement In what way did the Скачать презентацию WWII Appeasement In what way did the

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WWII Appeasement WWII Appeasement

In what way did the Treaty of Versailles establish conditions that led to the In what way did the Treaty of Versailles establish conditions that led to the outbreak of WWII? • A. It called for dissolving the League of Nations, thus removing an organization for resolving future conflicts • B. It gave Germany too much power by letting Germany keep the Alsace-Lorraine region of France • C. It weakened the Allied countries by making France, England Russia reduce the size of their armies • D. It imposed harsh reparations payments on Germany, which led to economic and political instability

Leaders in Power • Great Britain- Neville Chamberlain • France- Edouard Daladier • Soviet Leaders in Power • Great Britain- Neville Chamberlain • France- Edouard Daladier • Soviet Union- Joseph Stalin – Communist • Italy- Benito Mussolini – Fascist • Germany- Adolph Hitler – Fascist

Germany • National Socialist German Worker’s Party – Nazi Party – Fascism: extreme nationalism Germany • National Socialist German Worker’s Party – Nazi Party – Fascism: extreme nationalism with racism – Wanted Germany to expand NOT abide by the Treaty of Versailles • Adolph Hilter – – writes Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”) by 1932 the Nazi Party takes control of the Reichstag 1933 Hitler is appointed Chancellor 1934 Hitler becomes president • Der Fuhrer

Italy • In 1919 Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in Italy – exploited Italy • In 1919 Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in Italy – exploited Italians fear of communism • Fascist militia- Blackshirts – threatened to march on Rome – cabinet resigns and king appoints Mussolini premier – quickly sets up a dictatorship – ll Duce- “The Leader” • In 1936 Hitler and Mussolini form the Berlin. Rome Axis

Japan • Economic problems • Believed Japan was destined to dominate East Asia • Japan • Economic problems • Believed Japan was destined to dominate East Asia • In September 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria • Japanese prime minister was assassinated when he tried to stop the war • Led by Emperor Hirohito and General Hideki Tojo (Prime Minister 1941 -1944)

United States • President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) • Democracy • Want to remain United States • President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) • Democracy • Want to remain neutral at first

Soviet Union • Vladimir Lenin led the Communist Party After the Russian Revolution • Soviet Union • Vladimir Lenin led the Communist Party After the Russian Revolution • In 1922 Russian territories become the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Lenin died in 1924 and power struggle began between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin – By 1926 Stalin is the new dictator

 • Began Five-Year Plans to industrialize • Family farms were turned into collectivesgovernment • Began Five-Year Plans to industrialize • Family farms were turned into collectivesgovernment owned farms • Between 1932 -1933 10 million peasants died • Stalin targeted political enemies, artists, intellectuals – used concentration camps (Gulags) in the Arctic – between 8 -10 million people died by 1953

France • Edouard Daladier- Prime Minister at the beginning of the war • Replaced France • Edouard Daladier- Prime Minister at the beginning of the war • Replaced in 1940 by Paul Reynaud • Charles De. Gualle led the “Free French” forces – Becomes leader after the war

Great Britain • Neville Chamberlain is Prime Minister at the beginning of the war Great Britain • Neville Chamberlain is Prime Minister at the beginning of the war • Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister in 1940

Exit Slip • Which nations did dictators govern in the years after WWI? Exit Slip • Which nations did dictators govern in the years after WWI?

Answer • Italy • USSR • Germany Answer • Italy • USSR • Germany

Which would be the most credible primary source about conditions in Nazi concentration camps Which would be the most credible primary source about conditions in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust? • A. a novel set in a concentration camp • B. an account of camp life by a survivor of a concentration camp • C. a 1942 movie produced by the German government depicting concentration camp activities • D. a film about the camps directed by a person whose parents were in a concentration camp

Starter • What type of government considered the nation more important than the individual? Starter • What type of government considered the nation more important than the individual? – A. dictatorship – B. monarchy – C. fascism – D. democracy

Dr. Seuss Political Cartoon Dr. Seuss Political Cartoon

Appeasement • Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict Appeasement • Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

Rhineland • Hitler invaded on March 9, 1936 • Treaty of Versailles had banned Rhineland • Hitler invaded on March 9, 1936 • Treaty of Versailles had banned the German military from the region • German military was not prepared for a fight • France and Great Britain did nothing • 1936 Hitler and Mussolini formed an Berlin -Rome Axis

Austria • March 1938 Hitler annexed Austria • Britain and France only protested Austria • March 1938 Hitler annexed Austria • Britain and France only protested

Sudetenland • Was part of Germany • After WWII it became part of Czechoslovakia Sudetenland • Was part of Germany • After WWII it became part of Czechoslovakia • Hitler decides he wants the territory back because of large German population • Sudeten-German Party is formed in 1935

First Meeting • In September of 1938 Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler • Hitler First Meeting • In September of 1938 Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler • Hitler threatened to invade Czechoslovakia unless Britain supported Hitler’s plan to take over the Sudetenland • Chamberlain would not accept the plan

Munich Conference • September 29, 1938 • Attended by Great Britain, France, Germany, and Munich Conference • September 29, 1938 • Attended by Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy • Chamberlain and Daladier agree to Hitler’s plan to prevent war • October 29, 1938 the German Army enters Czechoslovakia

Appeasement • Policy of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain • Thought by agreeing to Appeasement • Policy of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain • Thought by agreeing to the demands of Hitler and Mussolini he could avoid another war • Appeasement would end by 1939 when Hitler invades the rest of Czechoslovakia

Poland • On March 31, 1939 Great Britain and France pledged to support Poland Poland • On March 31, 1939 Great Britain and France pledged to support Poland • Hitler signed a treaty with the Soviet Union • No longer had to worry about the Soviets • Invaded Poland on September 1, 1939 • Two days later Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

Exit Slip • How did events after WWI lead to dictatorships? Exit Slip • How did events after WWI lead to dictatorships?

Answer • Many nations were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles, and a worldwide Answer • Many nations were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles, and a worldwide financial depression made people desperate.

Starter • Which factor encouraged an American policy of neutrality during the 1930 s? Starter • Which factor encouraged an American policy of neutrality during the 1930 s? – A. disillusionment with WWI and its results – B. decline in the military readiness of other nations – C. repeal of prohibition – D. economic prosperity of the time period

Nazi-Soviet Pact • Aug 23, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact – -Hitler and Stalin agree Nazi-Soviet Pact • Aug 23, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact – -Hitler and Stalin agree that if Hitler invades Poland they will split it half • Germany takes the Western half • Soviet Union takes the Eastern half

Blitzkrieg • Military tactic • “Lightning War” • Use tanks, artillery, and soldiers moving Blitzkrieg • Military tactic • “Lightning War” • Use tanks, artillery, and soldiers moving by truck and quickly taking Poland • Poland collapses in a month • War stalls for a period— “Phony War”

Continued Attacks • April 9, 1940 Hitler attacks Denmark and Norway • May 10, Continued Attacks • April 9, 1940 Hitler attacks Denmark and Norway • May 10, 1940 Hitler attacks Belgium, Netherlands, and France • June 14, 1940 Germans reached Paris and France surrendered • In 3 months Hitler conquered most of Western Europe

Vichy Government in France • Puppet government set up by Germany in the town Vichy Government in France • Puppet government set up by Germany in the town of Vichy • Marshal Philippe Petain is the leader • Officially neutral in the war, but helped the Nazis • U. S. recognized the Vichy government • Charles de Gualle led the French forces from England the colony of Algiers • Worked with Allies to free France

Battle of Britain • 1, 000 planes a day attacked Britain • Royal Air Battle of Britain • 1, 000 planes a day attacked Britain • Royal Air Force (RAF) kept them away • December 1940 Germany began bombing London and started 1, 500 fires – “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”- Churchill • Attacks ended in 1941 • 20, 000 had been killed and 73, 000 injured

Starter • What did Hitler call Germany’s quick air strikes? – A. Blitzkrieg – Starter • What did Hitler call Germany’s quick air strikes? – A. Blitzkrieg – B. Kristallnacht – C. Anchluss – D. gestapo

American Response- Isolationism American Response- Isolationism

Isolationism • A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs Isolationism • A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

Neutrality Acts • Americans were disillusioned by WWI • Many thought the U. S. Neutrality Acts • Americans were disillusioned by WWI • Many thought the U. S. had enough of its own problems • From 1935 -1939 Congress passes a series of Neutrality Acts – U. S. would withhold weapons and loans from all nations at war – All nonmilitary goods sold to them had to be transported by them • “Cash and Carry” Policy

Neutrality Act of 1939 • Allowed France and Great Britain to buy weapons from Neutrality Act of 1939 • Allowed France and Great Britain to buy weapons from the U. S. on a cash-and-carry basis • Later allowed them to be transported on U. S. merchant ships

Involvement Grows • September 1940 FDR traded 50 destroyers to Britain for the ability Involvement Grows • September 1940 FDR traded 50 destroyers to Britain for the ability to build permanent bases on British territory • Selective Service Act (1940)- required all males 21 -36 to register for the draft

Lend-Lease Act • March 1941 • Allowed the president to aid any country or Lend-Lease Act • March 1941 • Allowed the president to aid any country or nation whose defense was vital to America’s security • “Great arsenal of democracy”

Atlantic Charter • Aug. 1941 • Churchill and Roosevelt • Agreement that committed both Atlantic Charter • Aug. 1941 • Churchill and Roosevelt • Agreement that committed both to a postwar world of democracy, non-aggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas

 • Roosevelt developed a “shoot-on-sight” policy toward German submarines • by the end • Roosevelt developed a “shoot-on-sight” policy toward German submarines • by the end of 1941 several U. S. destroyers had been fired upon – the Reuben James sank, killing 115

Exit Slip • Why did many American support isolationism? Exit Slip • Why did many American support isolationism?

Answer • They felt that remaining apart from European conflicts would avoid another war. Answer • They felt that remaining apart from European conflicts would avoid another war.

Starter • With which country did Germany sign a non -aggression pact? – A. Starter • With which country did Germany sign a non -aggression pact? – A. Czechoslovakia – B. Austria – C. Soviet Union – D. All of the above

War in Europe War in Europe

Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany in 1939? • A. The Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany in 1939? • A. The German army invaded Poland • B. Germany violated the Versailles Treaty • C. Hitler broke his agreement not to take over the Sudentenland • D. The Lend-Lease Act supplied Britain with ships and supplies

Battle of Stalingrad • June 1942 Germans began advancing into the Soviet Union – Battle of Stalingrad • June 1942 Germans began advancing into the Soviet Union – Scorched earth policy as they retreated • September 1942 Germans began bombing the city – Lasted 2 months – Jan 31, 1943 Germans surrendered – Winter was too hard on Germany • Lost 330, 000 troops • Turning point of the war in the east

D-Day • • • June 6, 1944 Largest landing by sea 4, 600 invasion D-Day • • • June 6, 1944 Largest landing by sea 4, 600 invasion craft and warships deployed 1, 000 bombers went ahead 23, 000 British and American soldiers were dropped in behind • 150, 000 troops came on shore along 60 miles of Normandy coast

 • Omaha Beach- allies had 2, 000 casualties • Within a week 500, • Omaha Beach- allies had 2, 000 casualties • Within a week 500, 000 men came ashore • By the end of July there were 2 million Allied troops in France

Battle of the Bulge • Late August 1944 American troops liberated Paris • Britain Battle of the Bulge • Late August 1944 American troops liberated Paris • Britain and Canada freed Belgium • By September Allies attacked Holland crossed the western border of Germany • Germans launched a counter-attack in Belgium and Luxembourg in Dec. 1944 – Battle of the Bulge

 • Largest battle in Western Europe in WWII • Involved 600, 000 American • Largest battle in Western Europe in WWII • Involved 600, 000 American GIs – 80, 000 were killed, wounded or captured • Germans lost 100, 000 • Germans knew the war was lost

North Africa • October 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia • Beginning in August 1940 Great North Africa • October 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia • Beginning in August 1940 Great Britain, Italy, and Germany were fighting in North Africa • November 1942 Great Britain won at El Alamein in Egypt • British and U. S. troops land in Morocco and Algeria • May 1943 Germans are forced to surrender when allies reach Tunisia

Casablanca Conference • Churchill and Roosevelt meet in January 1943 • Plan for the Casablanca Conference • Churchill and Roosevelt meet in January 1943 • Plan for the rest of the war • Decide to focus on Europe then the Pacific • Will only accept unconditional surrender of Germany, Italy, and Japan

Italy • • July 1943 American attack Sicily Take it in 38 days Mussolini Italy • • July 1943 American attack Sicily Take it in 38 days Mussolini is overthrown By September new government surrenders German troops in Italy continue to fight Battle of Anzio- Allies capture Rome April 1945 German troops in Italy surrender

Berlin • By 1944 British and American forces began conducting air raids in Germany Berlin • By 1944 British and American forces began conducting air raids in Germany to prepare for invasion • Soviets fought into Berlin in April 1945 • April 25, 1945 Americans and Soviets meet on the Elbe River

V-E Day • May 1 Hitler commits suicide • May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders V-E Day • May 1 Hitler commits suicide • May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders • Yalta Conference: February 1945 Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill meet at Yalta in S. U. – Agree to split Germany into 4 zones & split Berlin – Stalin promised to allow elections in nations the Soviets had liberated from Germany – Also promised to enter war in the Pacific

Yalta Conference Yalta Conference

Division of Germany Division of Germany

War in the Pacific War in the Pacific

What did Hitler call Germany’s quick air strikes? • A. Blitzkrieg • B. Kristallnacht What did Hitler call Germany’s quick air strikes? • A. Blitzkrieg • B. Kristallnacht • C. Anschluss • D. Gestapo

Japan • Japan wanted and needed raw materials and land for growing population • Japan • Japan wanted and needed raw materials and land for growing population • 1931 Japan attacked Manchuria (northern China) • 1937 Japan increased attacks against China • By 1940 Japan controlled most of eastern China • Began attacks on Southeast Asia and the Dutch East Indies

 • July 1940: Congress gave FDR the power to limit the sale of • July 1940: Congress gave FDR the power to limit the sale of strategic materials – airplane fuel, scrap iron • September 1940 Japan joined the Axis powers

American Response • 1938 -FDR begins building up the Navy in the Pacific • American Response • 1938 -FDR begins building up the Navy in the Pacific • 1939 - moved the Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor from San Diego

Pearl Harbor • 1941 Japan took control of French colonies in Indochina – FDR Pearl Harbor • 1941 Japan took control of French colonies in Indochina – FDR froze Japanese assets in the U. S. and cut off trade • Oct. 1941 Gen. Hideki Tojo became Prime Minister • U. S. warned them against taking more territory and demanded they move out of conquered land pact with axis

Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 Japan attacked with 180 planes • Lasted 2 Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 Japan attacked with 180 planes • Lasted 2 hours • 2, 400 Americans were killed • 1, 800 wounded • 188 planes destroyed • 18 ships sunk • U. S. was finally forced to enter the war

Germany Declares War • On December 11, Germany and Italy declare war on the Germany Declares War • On December 11, Germany and Italy declare war on the U. S.

Fall of the Philippines • A few hours after Pearl Harbor the Japanese attacked Fall of the Philippines • A few hours after Pearl Harbor the Japanese attacked American airfields in the Philippines • U. S. is forced to retreat

Starter • In a dictatorship, power is most likely acquired through – A. a Starter • In a dictatorship, power is most likely acquired through – A. a free election – B. military force – C. presidential appointment – D. an inherited position

Bataan Death March • May 6, 1942 Americans and Filipinos surrender on the Bataan Bataan Death March • May 6, 1942 Americans and Filipinos surrender on the Bataan Peninsula • 78, 000 became prisoners of war • Japanese marched them for 6 -12 days to the railroad to be taken to prison camps • 10, 000 died on the way • America didn’t know until 3 years later when prisoners escaped

Doolittle Raid on Tokyo • April 18, 1942 • B-25 bombers bombed Japan for Doolittle Raid on Tokyo • April 18, 1942 • B-25 bombers bombed Japan for the first time • B-25 s could attack from farther away but could not land on the aircraft carriers • would have to land in China

The Battle of the Coral Sea • March 1942: U. S. decoded messages about The Battle of the Coral Sea • March 1942: U. S. decoded messages about Japan’s plans to attack New Guinea • Carriers Yorktown and Lexington intercepted the Japanese and prevented the attack • Kept supply lines to Australia open

Battle of Midway • June 4, 1942 • Japanese hoped to destroy the rest Battle of Midway • June 4, 1942 • Japanese hoped to destroy the rest of the Pacific fleet by engaging in battle at Midway (island northwest of Hawaii) • American planes found them while they were loading bombs • Japan lost 4 carriers and 250 planes – Crippled the Japanese navy

Island-Hopping in the Pacific • In order to defeat Japan the U. S. began Island-Hopping in the Pacific • In order to defeat Japan the U. S. began “hopping” from one island to the next to get closer to Japan • Also, take the Soloman Islands, New Guinea, and the Philippines • Many died because soldiers were forced to wade ashore because the water was too shallow for ships

Iwo Jima • Island 700 miles from Japan • November 1944 Americans began bombing Iwo Jima • Island 700 miles from Japan • November 1944 Americans began bombing Tokyo • Over 74 days Americans dropped 7, 000 tons of bombs & 20, 000 shells • February 19, 1945 Marines landed on beaches • Took a month to capture the island • 25, 000 casualties

Firebombing • U. S. began dropping bombs filled with napalm – designed to explode Firebombing • U. S. began dropping bombs filled with napalm – designed to explode and start fires • Killed more than 80, 000 people • by the end of June 1945 much of Japan’s largest cities had been destroyed

Okinawa • April to June 1945 • 350 miles from Japan- much closer than Okinawa • April to June 1945 • 350 miles from Japan- much closer than Iwo Jima • Suffered 50, 000 casualties – 12, 000 died • Left Japan open for attack

Starter • Japanese suicide pilots were known as _____ pilots. – A. Shinto – Starter • Japanese suicide pilots were known as _____ pilots. – A. Shinto – B. Samurai – C. Kamikaze – D. Amphtrac

Manhattan Project • August 1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to FDR saying a Manhattan Project • August 1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to FDR saying a bomb could be built and that the Germans might already be working on one • 1942 - Italian scientist, Enrico Fermi discovered the reaction they would need • July 16, 1945 tested it in New Mexico • Robert Oppenheimer headed project

Final Decision • FDR died in April 1945 and Harry Truman took over • Final Decision • FDR died in April 1945 and Harry Truman took over • August 6, 1945 the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima- Little Boy – 140, 000 died in explosion and in the months after • 3 days later it was dropped on Nagasaki- Fat • Man • August 14, 1945 Japan accepted the U. S. terms for surrender – V-J Day

Starter • What was the code name for the plan to build the atomic Starter • What was the code name for the plan to build the atomic bomb? – A. Manhattan Project – B. Doolittle Raid – C. Operation Overlord – D. V-J Day