The policy, government system, political behavior THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The United States of America The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of fifty states and a federal district as well as several territories. At 3. 79 million square miles (9. 83 million km 2) and with around 315 million people, the United States is the third- or fourthlargest country by total area and the third-largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The geography and climate of the United States is also extremely diverse and is home to a variety of species. Politics is the art or science of influencing people on a civic, or individual level.
The core of the topic Considering what is written above, we can say that USA have features of the state, and in this paper we will discuss, explain what is indeed to the modern state it is- government. Precisely further will be given information about system of government ruling or policy of the state.
History of the political parties in the USA The United States Constitution has always been silent on the issue of political parties; at the time it was signed in 1787, there were no parties in the nation. Indeed, no nation in the world had voter-based political parties. The need to win popular support in a republic led to the American invention of political parties in the 1790 s. Americans were «Let us not seek the Republican answer especially innovative in devising or the Democratic answer, but the right new campaign techniques that answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame linked public opinion with public for the past. Let us accept our policy through the party. own responsibility for the future. » John F. Kennedy
First Party System: 1792 -1824 The First Party System of the United States featured the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party (Anti-Federalist). The Federalist Party grew from Washington's Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, who favored a strong united central government, close ties to Britain, an effective banking system, and close links between the government and men of wealth. The Democratic. Republican Party was founded by James Madison and by Washington's Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, who strongly opposed Hamilton's agenda. The Era of Good Feelings (1816– 1824), marked the end of the First Party System.
Second Party System: 1828 -1854 In 1829, the Second Party System saw a split of the Democratic-Republican Party into the Jacksonian Democrats, who grew into the modern Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, led by Henry Clay.
Political history Third Party System: 1854 -1890 s Fourth Party System: 1896 -1932 The Third Party System stretched from 1854 to the mid-1890 s, and was characterized by the emergence of the antislavery Republican Party, Civil war and Reconstruction issues polarized the parties until the Compromise of 1877, which ended the latter. The Fourth Party System, 1896 to 1932, retained the same primary parties as the Third Party System, but saw major shifts in the central issues of debate. This period also corresponded to the Progressive Era, and was dominated by the Republican Party. Fifth Party System: 1933 -present The Fifth Party System emerged with the New Deal Coalition beginning in 1933. The Republicans began losing support after the Great Depression, giving rise to Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the activist New Deal.
Regime and Ideology of the USA The regime in the USA is the Liberal Democratic. Liberal democracy is a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of liberalism. It is characterized by fair, free, and competitive elections between multiple distinct political parties, a separation of powers into different branches of government, the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society, and the equal protection of human rights, civil liberties, and political freedoms for all persons. This is the main position that represents Ideology of the USA, but additionally there is a party Ideologies which has powerful impact on how government interacts.
Legislature of the USA The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two houses: the lower house known as the House of Representatives and the upper house known as the Senate. Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C. Both representatives and senators are chosen through direct election. Congress has a total of 535 voting members: 435 members in the House of Representatives and 100 members in the Senate. Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results, each state in the union having at least one “If you have ten thousand representative in the House of Representatives. regulations you destroy all respect Regardless of population, each of the 50 states has for the law. ” two senators; the 100 senators each serve a six. Winston Churchill year term.
Structure of the legislative body Congress is split into two chambers—House and Senate—and manages the task of writing national legislation by dividing work into separate committees which specialize in different areas. Some members of Congress are elected by their peers to be officers of these committees. Further, Congress has ancillary organizations such as the Government Accountability Office and the Library of Congress to help provide it with information, and members of Congress have staff and offices to assist them as well. In addition, a vast industry of lobbyists helps members write legislation on behalf of diverse corporate and labor interests. The committee structure permits members of Congress to study a particular subject intensely. Committees write legislation. Article I of the Constitution states "all legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives. "
Bureaucracy of the USA When the national government establishes policies and creates programs, bureaucracy becomes necessary to see that those policies and programs become reality. For example, when the Congress passes clean air legislation, it must establish an agency to monitor and ensure compliance with the standards it sets. When it creates farmer assistance programs, a bureaucracy is required to oversee and administer the program. There are fourteen Executive Branch departments, the heads of which are all members of the President's Cabinet 1. State 2. Treasury 3. Defense (originally War & Navy) 4. Interior 5. Agriculture 6. Justice (Attorney General est. 1789) 7. Commerce 8. Labor 10. Health & Human Services 11. Housing & Urban Development 12. Transportation 13. Energy 14. Education 15. Veterans Affairs 16. Homeland Security
Bureaucracy of the USA Most departments have several agencies and offices within them. There are, however, several Executive Branch agencies that are independent, unattached to any department. Independent Regulatory Commissions Several independent regulatory boards and commissions have been created by the Congress. They are purposely insulated from Presidential influence to keep them as free from political and partisan influences as possible. Government Corporations The most independent of bureaucracies are government corporations. These operate much more freely of federal government regulations and oversight, but remain limited in important ways because of their public nature. By comparison with time when declaration signed, when there was only 3 -5 person working in the Cabinet nowadays nearly four million people employed by the national government. It is the more than 87, 000 state, county, city and special district governments across this nation employ an additional 17 million people.
Executive body and Judicial system The judicial system in the United States is unique insofar as it is actually made up of two different court systems: the federal court system and the state court systems. While each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact. Furthermore, solving legal disputes and vindicating legal rights are key goals of both court systems.
Court types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Federal Court System; U. S. District Courts; U. S. Circuit Courts of Appeal; U. S. Supreme Court; Special Article III Courts; Special Courts Created by Congress ; Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction; Intermediate Appellate Courts; Highest State Courts.
Political parties The modern political party system in the U. S. is a twoparty system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. These two parties have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and have controlled the United States Congress to some extent since at least 1856.
Democratic Party and its Ideology . The party has the lengthiest record of continuous operation in the United States and is among the oldest political parties in the world. Current President of the United States Barack Obama is the 15 th Democrat to hold the office of Presidency. As of the 113 th Congress following the 2012 elections, the Democratic Party currently holds a minority of seats in the House of Representatives and a majority of seats in the Senate, as well as a minority of state governorships and control of a minority of state legislatures. Andrew Jackson is typically considered the first Democratic President of the United States “A conservative is a man with two perfectly good legs who, however, has never learned how to walk forward. ” Franklin D. Roosevelt
The ideology of the party Since the 1890 s, the Democratic Party has favored liberal positions (the term "liberal" in this sense describes social liberalism, not classical liberalism). In recent exit polls, the Democratic Party has had broad appeal across all socio-ethno -economic demographics. Historically, the party has favored farmers, labor unions, and religious and ethnic minorities; it has opposed unregulated business and finance, and favored progressive income taxes. In foreign policy, internationalism (including interventionism) was a dominant theme from 1913 to the mid-1960 s. In recent decades, the party has adopted a centrist economic and socially progressive agenda, with the voter base having shifted considerably. Today, Democrats advocate more social freedoms, affirmative action, balanced budget, and a free enterprise system tempered by government intervention (mixed economy).
The republican party Founded by anti-slavery activists in 1854, it dominated politics nationally for most of the period from 1860 to 1932. There have been 18 Republican presidents, the first being Abraham Lincoln, serving from 1861 -1865, and the most recent being George W. Bush, serving from 20012009. “The Democrats are the party that says government will make you smarter, taller, richer, and remove the crabgrass on your lawn. The Republicans are the party that says government doesn't work and then they get elected and prove it. ” P. J. O'Rourke
The ideology of the party Prior to the formation of the conservative coalition, which helped realign the Democratic and Republican party ideologies in the mid-1960 s, the party historically advocated classical liberalism, conservatism, and progressivism. Republicans strongly believe that free markets and individual achievement are the primary factors behind economic prosperity. To this end, they advocate in favour of laissez-faire economics, fiscal conservatism, and the elimination of government run welfare programs in favor of personal responsibility.
Foreign policy of the USA The foreign policy of the United States is the way in which it interacts with foreign nations and sets standards of interaction for its organizations, corporations and individual citizens. The global reach of the United States is backed by a $15 trillion economy, approximately a quarter of global GDP, and a defense budget of $711 billion, which accounts for approximately 43% of global military spending. The U. S. Secretary of State is analogous to the foreign minister of other nations and is the official charged with state-to-state diplomacy, although the president has ultimate authority over foreign policy; “If you put the federal government in charge of the Sahara Desert, in 5 years there'd be a shortage of sand. ” Milton Friedman
Internal policy of the USA Strengthening Anti-Discrimination Laws : The first piece of legislation President Obama signed into law was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act, which empowers women to recover wages lost to discrimination by extending the time period in which an employee can file a claim. Expanding Equality : President Obama pushed for the repeal of “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell” in his first State of the Union address, and followed through on that commitment when he signed the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Repeal Act of 2010 into law. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell ended for good on September 20, 2011, allowing gay men and women to serve openly in the U. S. military.
Conclusion So considering all of this information we can confidently say that the United States of America is the modern, fast developing, changing and responsible country. In this term paper we had a lot of information about nowadays system and how does it work, and we can say that nowadays developed level of policy in the US works. Co-operating with both “left” and “right” sides, considering all rights and want of different population that America had. Thanks for your Attention! Made by: 1 st year student of IAB, of Finance specialization, group F-1202 Lekerov Mukhtar Bekzhanuly Sin cere : LMB
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