THE PASSIVE VOICE The Passive Voice Пассивный

THE PASSIVE VOICE

The Passive Voice Пассивный залог используется: n 1) если лицо (предмет), совершающее действие, неизвестно или когда считают ненужным его упоминать The Taj Mahal was built around 1640. 2) когда более существенным является факт совершения действия, а не лицо (предмет), его совершившее The valuable painting was stolen from The Central Art Gallery last night.

The Passive Voice be+V 3 The students clean this room every day. дополнение This room подлежащее is cleaned every day. 1. Дополнение активной конструкции становится подлежащим в пассивной конструкции; 2. Глаголу в активном залоге соответствует глагол в пассивном залоге в том же времени;

Активная конструкция с двумя дополнениями Если в активной конструкции два дополнения, то любое может стать подлежащим в пассивной конструкции: We gave the police the information. дополнение 1 дополнение 2 * The police were given the information. * The information was given to the police.

The Passive / Active Voice. Pr. Simple am/is/are cleaned clean/cleans usually, always, sometimes, often, seldom, every, on Sundays… cleaned yesterday, ago, last will clean Tomorrow, next, in (через) Pr. is/are being Progressive cleaned is / am / are cleaning now, at present, at the moment was/were being Past Progressive cleaned was / were cleaning at … o’clock yesterday from … till … all day (long) the whole day Pr. Perfect have/ has been cleaned have / has cleaned already, yet, recently, lately, just, so far; since; for; ни места, ни времени, результат had been cleaned had cleaned by; предпрошедшее will have been cleaned will have cleaned by Past Simple was/were cleaned Fut. Simple Past Perfect Fut. Perfect will be cleaned

Запомните: Если в пассивной конструкции упоминается лицо (предмет), производящий действие, то употребляется предлог by : The cartoon character Mickey Mouse was created by Walt Disney. Nylon was invented by an American chemist Julian Hill. Если в пассивной конструкции упоминается орудие, с помощью которого совершается действие, то употребляется предлог with : Soup should be eaten with a spoon. Food in Japan is eaten with chopsticks.

Способы перевода страдательных конструкций 1. «быть» + краткое причастие The glass mirror was invented by the Romans. было изобретено 2. глаголом в действительном залоге с неопределенно-личным значением Such questions are often asked by children. задают 3. возвратной формой глагола (-ся) A new ring-road is being built around the city. строится

Choose the right preposition (by / with ): 1. Fish is cut … a special knife. 2. What do we usually dig … ? 3. These novels are written … A. J. Cronin. 4. The big tree was cut down … Jim. 5. The bridge was built … five workers. 6. Who is the portrait painted …? 7. Women`s dresses are sewed … dressmakers. 8. The boat was carried … the waves into the open sea. 9. She was treated … very effective drugs. 10. They were taken to hospital … an ambulance.

Make the following sentences passive: 1. People don`t use this road very often. 2. They are installing a new computer system at the moment. 3. They have built a new hospital near the airport. 4. They cancelled all flights because of fog. 5. The students were cleaning the room when I came in. 6. Scientists will find the cure for cancer soon. 7. When I came to the service station the workers were repairing my car. 8. By the end of the week Nick will have finished his report. 9. Electricity drives this car. 10. People in Chile speak Spanish.

Choose the right form (Active or Passive) and translate the following sentences: 1. We (spend / are spent) a lot on advertising. 2. The roofs of some houses (blew / were blown) away. 3. Why (didn’t he invite / wasn’t he invited) to the party? 4. The film (nominated/ was nominated) for Oskar a year ago. 5. A new car design (has developed / has been developed) at the plant. 6. What ( does Greece export / is Greece exported)? 7. In Japan marriages (arrange / are arranged) by parents. 8. The first Volkswagen cars (made / were made) in Germany before the World War II. 9. Our parent company (locates / is located) in Sweden. 10. The Chinese (invented / were invented) paper.

Choose the right passive form : 1. Mushrooms (were gathered / are gathered) in autumn. 2. Saint Petersburg (was founded /has been founded) in 1703. 3. Nylon (is being produced / has been produced) since 1938. 4. Perfume (is added / is being added) while soap cools. 5. The oldest dwelling house in Britain (was built / was being built) in 1543. 6. I (will be given / will have been given) a pay-rise in a month. 7. My car (is serviced / is being serviced) at the moment. 8. The papers (were not signed / have not been signed) yet. 9. When I came into the room my friend (was examined / was being examined). 10. He found that all his money (were stolen / had been stolen).

Translate the following sentences: 1. Эта статья написана одним из самых известных журналистов. 2. Он обещает, что перевод будет выполнен вовремя. 3. Когда он пришел домой, стол был уже накрыт. 4. Все эти книги взяты из библиотеки. 5. Когда обсуждался этот вопрос? 6. Когда папа приехал, вещи были упакованы. 7. Комнату проветривают 3 раза в день. 8. Джона Леннона знают не только в Англии. 9. Мне разрешили пойти в кино. 10. Я хочу, чтобы меня поняли правильно.

Особенности страдательных конструкций Если сказуемое в активном залоге выражено глаголом с предлогом (to laugh at, to send for, to look at/ for/ after, to refer to, to listen to, to speak about, to wait for, to take care of, etc. ), то в пассивной конструкции предлог сохраняется и ставится после глагола: They laughed at him. – He was laughed at. They sent for a doctor. – The doctor was sent for.

Translate the following sentences: 1. He is talked about all the time. 2. That old house was not lived in. 3. She will be operated on in a week. 4. The lecturer was listened to with great interest. 5. The bed was not slept in. 6. A freshman is often laughed at. 7. Has the doctor been sent for? 8. This phenomenon is often referred to. 9. The babies are being looked after with great care. 10. The key was looked for everywhere.

Change the sentences from active into passive: 1. Philosophers very often refer to that quotation. 2. They spoke to me with great suspect. 3. I do not think they will be listened to me. 4. Do not put on that hat! People will laugh at you. 5. The surgeon is operating on the boy now. 6. People speak a lot about the latest news. 7. Do not worry! I will look after your house plants properly while you are away. 8. They hoped their relatives would take good care of the kids. 9. The man asked for the telegram. 10. Her boyfriend always waits for her after studies.

Supplementary: read and translate the text, count the passive constructions in the text. A driver has been sent to jail (тюрьма) for driving with excess alcohol. Graham Smith, 29, of North Street, Barton, was stopped by police officers near his home last November and was found to have drunk almost twice the legal limit for drivers, Didcot magistrates (городской суд) heard on Tuesday. Twelve months earlier Smith had been disqualified from driving for three years for drunk-driving. He was disqualified for twelve months in 1986 for a similar offence (правонарушение). Mr. Peter Jones, defending, said Smith had used the car to visit a sick friend. He said Smith was depressed after the visit, and went to a pub and drank five or six pints (пинта, 0. 75 литра) before driving home. He was caught by the police during a routine speed check in Wantage Road, Barton.