THE EVOLUTIONARY IMPACTS ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

THE EVOLUTIONARY IMPACTS ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAG

Palaeolithic peoples Stonehenge Great Stone Circle monuments

• The Celts Migrated from Europe in 2 nd half of 1 st millennium

Julius Caesar colonizes The Julian Calendar Claudius conquered in 43 AD Latin language brought the alphabet Latin integrated into all Romance languages: Spanish French Portuguese Italian Romanian

Romans Left Britain Replaced Celtic with Germanic Easter comes from the Saxons. Four days of the week Tuesday : Tiw’s Day. Tiw, or Tyr, was a Norse god known for his sense of justice. Wednesday : Woden’s Day. Woden, or Odin, was a Norse god who was one of the most powerful of them all. Thursday : Thor’s Day. Thor was a Norse god who wielded a giant hammer. Friday : Frigg’s Day. Frigg was a Norse god equal in power to Odin.

Vikings changed names of places Viking Origin words: Like Lift Take Give Husband Die Thrust

William the Conquerer Replaced half its vocabulary with French words Invasion Conqueror Subsequent Result Language Vocabulary

1. Words spelled with “ei, ” “ey, ” or “oy”: joy , reign, attorney 2. Endings in “-ion” or “-ioun”: extension , retention 3. Endings in “-ment”: emolument , condiment 4. Endings in “ — ence” or “-aunce”: existence , nuance 5. Endings in “ — or” or “-our”: colour , honour

The Harley Lyrics

Surnames: John of London John London

English language and culture have been shaped by many evolutions Invasions by other countries have left a unique footprint on the language We still see threads that stemmed from the influence of invasions

Not enough to know how to speak the words Must understand the history Knowing the history helps us understand the connection we have with all the people that came before us