Terminology Terminology is the study of terms

Terminology

Terminology is the study of terms and their use. Terms are words and compound words that are used in specific contexts. Not to be confused with "terms" in colloquial usages, the shortened form of technical terms (or terms of art) which are defined within a discipline or speciality field. The discipline Terminology studies among other things how such terms of art come to be and their interrelationships within a culture. Terminology therefore denotes a more formal discipline which systematically studies the labelling or designating of concepts particular to one or more subject fields or domains of human activity, through research and analysis of terms in context, for the purpose of documenting and promoting correct usage. This study can be limited to one language or can cover more than one language at the same time (multilingual terminology, bilingual terminology, and so forth) or may focus on studies of terms across fields. Terminology is not connected to information retrieval in any way but focused on the meaning and conveyance of concepts. "Terms" (i. e. index terms) used in an information retrieval context are not the same as "terms" used in the context of terminology, as they are not always technical terms of art.

Overview The discipline of terminology is based on its own theoretical principles and consists primarily of the following aspects: analysing the concepts and concept structures used in a field or domain of activity identifying the terms assigned to the concepts in the case of bilingual or multilingual terminology, establishing correspondences between terms in the various languages compiling the terminology, on paper or in databases managing terminology databases creating new terms, as required

Types of terminology A distinction is made between two types of terminology: Ad hoc terminology, which deals with a single term or a limited number of terms Systematic terminology, which deals with all the terms in a specific subject field or domain of activity Ad hoc terminology is prevalent in the translation profession, where a translation for a specific term (or group of terms) is required quickly to solve a particular translation problem.

Terminology as a discipline As a discipline, terminology is related to translation, alongside which it is often taught in universities and translation schools. Large translation departments and translation bureaus will often have a terminology section, or will require translators to do terminology research.

Typology Terminology is also defined by context, the study of terms primarily concerned with organizing them by the context in which they are used. These contexts may include: Military terminology Political terminology Religious terminology Scientific terminology Technical terminology Rail terminology

Military terminology refers to the terms and language of military organizations and personnel as belonging to a discrete category, as distinguishable by their usage in military doctrine, as they serve to depoliticise, dehumanise, or otherwise abstract discussion about its operations from an actual description thereof.

Political terminology Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, but politics has been observed in other group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. It consists of "social relations involving authority or power" and refers to the regulation of a political unit, and to the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply policy

Scientific terminology While studying nature, scientists often encounter or create new material or immaterial objects and concepts and are compelled to name them. Most of those names are known only to professionals. However, due to popularization of science, they gradually become part of common languages. Several categories of scientific terminology can be distinguished.

Technical terminology is the specialized vocabulary of any field, not just technical fields. The same is true of the synonyms technical terms, terms of art, shop talk and words of art, which do not necessarily refer to technology or art. Within one or more fields, these terms have one or more specific meanings that are not necessarily the same as those in common use. Jargon is similar, but more informal in definition and use. Legal technical terms, often called (legal) terms of art or (legal) words of art, have meanings that are strictly defined by law.

Rail terminology is a form of technical terminology. The difference between the American term railroad and the international term railway (used by the International Union of Railways and English-speaking countries outside the US) is the most obvious difference in rail terminology (see usage of the terms railroad and railway for more information). There also others, due to the parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world.

Eye Terminology Astigmatism – this condition is where the surface of the eye is not round, but is more like the surface of an egg or a football. Part of the cornea has a flat curvature and part has a steeper curvature. This causes two focal points and makes vision at distance and near blurry Cataract – an opacity or cloudiness of the crystalline lens that prevents a clear image from forming on the retina. The opaque or cloudy lens may require surgical removal if visual loss becomes significant, with the lost optical power being replaced with an implanted intraocular lens. Cataracts may be caused by trauma, disease or age. Cornea – the clear covering on the surface of the eye.

Volleyball Terminology

A sport that is played with 5 players on either side of the net, thesport is very fast paced and requires a lot of skill. The objective is to successfully ensure that the ball reaches the court of the opponent, using at the most three touches of the ball. The same person isn’t allowed to touch the ball more than once consecutively. The thing that fascinates about the sport is that although the sport is widely encouraged and extremely popular at school, it somehow doesn’t feature at the national level with the same enthusiasm. The sport is extremely engrossing when played and equally interesting when watching on the TV. Here are some of the rules and terms that will help you get familiar with the game. ROTATION It is the movement or the changing of the player positions through the serving position around the court and it is usually done when there is a side out. STUFF When the ball is deflected back in to the attacking opponent’s court or floor by means of a block, a slang term for block is used which is called Stuff.

YELLOW CARD The Official issues a warning to the players or the coach by means of the yellow card. If the card is received twice by any player or coach, it would result in them being disqualified. However, a card doen not result in loss of a serve or a point. RED CARD When an official wants to punish a player or coach for a severe offense he issues a red card. The red card is shown by the official with or without prior warning (by means of a yellow card). The consequences of a red card may be that the player is disqualified, or the team has a loss of point or a loss of serve. JUNGLE BALL Usually when people who don’t have any knowledge how to play a volleyball game, they are referred to as playing a “Jungle Ball”. Another term that is commonly used is for this is “Picnic Volleyball”.