Susan M Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua NY

Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Abraham’s Journeys -Abraham received message from god. -Migrate people from Ur (Mesopotamia) to the land of Canaan (present day Palestine). -Conditions were harsh in Canaan.

Ancient Palestine -1800 B. C. Drought and famine drove Hebrews from present day Palestine. -Israelites migrated to Egypt. -Enslaved -Believed god made an agreement with Moses -God = Ruler of heaven and earth…Hebrews = Chose people

Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

The Exodus - After many years, Moses led them to freedom. - Led them into the Sinai Peninsula. -Moses heard the “voice of God”. -After wandering the desert for 40 years, set up a small state in Palestine.

Route of the Exodus

The Kingdom of Israel • After emering from Sinai Peninsula, migrated into Fertile Crescent • 1025 B. C. – formed the Kingdom of Israel • Between Egypt and Mesopotamia • Two great Kings – David – Solomon

King David -Skilled general -Unified Israel; made it a power in Middle East -Had a son named Solomon -David’s reign was marked by power and courage.

King Solomon -Reign marked by peace -Intellectual, noted for his wisdom. -Transformed city of Jerusalem into a great capital -Built palaces and temples -Taxed heavily to pay for buildings -People became upset -Revolts weakened kingdom. -After Solomon’s death, Israel was conquered and the Hebrews were forced into exile.

Conquest • Persians conquered the fertile crescent in 500 B. C. • Allowed Hebrews to return. • Became upset, however, due to being ruled by foreigners – Persians, Greeks, and Romans

Diaspora • A. D. 70, the Jews (new name for Hebrews) revolted against the Romans. • Forced out of Palestine. – Scattering of Jews called “Diaspora”

Teachings of Judaism • • • Beliefs developed slowly Monotheistic Hebrews called god “Yahweh”

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People § The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. § The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition. The Torah

Importance of Law • God gave them the importance of law. • Better known as………. .

Moses and the 10 Commandments A new “covenant” with Yahweh Religious Law = Talmud

Cont’d • Recorded in the Sinai Peninsula during the Exodus. • Made many other laws. – Standard was like Hammurabi’s code – How was it different? • Hebrews were one of few cultures that treated slaves with kindness…why?

Ethical World View • These religious beliefs came to be called Judaism • Major belief = lead moral life • Religious teachers – Prophets – Did not regard rulers as gods. – Responsible for actions.

Misc. • • Judaism’s worship day is Saturday Place of worship – Synagogue Important Figures – God, Moses Holy Book - Torah

Mount Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai

King David’s Empire

Solomon’s Kingdom

Kingdoms of Judah & Israel