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Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 EXPLORATION 1 Chapter 6 Addressing the Network – IPv 4 Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 EXPLORATION 1 Chapter 6 Addressing the Network – IPv 4 By Zhamanov Azamat

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 In this chapter, you will learn to: • Explain the Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 In this chapter, you will learn to: • Explain the structure IP addressing and demonstrate the ability to convert between 8 -bit binary and decimal numbers. • Given an IPv 4 address, classify by type and describe how it is used in the network. • Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs and within networks by administrators.

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 In this chapter, you will learn to: • Determine the Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 In this chapter, you will learn to: • Determine the network portion of the host address and explain the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks. • Given IPv 4 addressing information and design criteria, calculate the appropriate addressing components. • Use common testing utilities to verify and test network connectivity and operational status of the IP protocol stack on a host.

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IPv 4 addressing Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IPv 4 addressing

Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 IP Version 4 • Consists of 32 bits • Divided Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 IP Version 4 • Consists of 32 bits • Divided into 4 octets • Represented in decimal form

Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Example of IPv 4 3 rd octet 1 st octet Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Example of IPv 4 3 rd octet 1 st octet 2 nd octet 4 th octet • 192. 168. 1. 21 - > decimal representation • 11000000. 10101000. 000000010101 -> binary representation

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Binary to Decimal Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Binary to Decimal

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Binary to Decimal Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Binary to Decimal

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Decimal to Binary Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Decimal to Binary

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Decimal to Binary Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 From Decimal to Binary

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Types of Addressing in IPv 4 Types of Addressing Network Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Types of Addressing in IPv 4 Types of Addressing Network Address Host Address Broadcast Address

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Network Address • The address by which we refer to Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Network Address • The address by which we refer to the network Network address is same as your Group Name

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Network Address Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Network Address

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 List of Groups • 4 a 03 • 4 b Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 List of Groups • 4 a 03 • 4 b 03 • 4 a 04 • 4 b 04 • 4 c 04

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Address • Defines host in the network Host address Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Address • Defines host in the network Host address is same like name of group member

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Address Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Address

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 List of group 4 a 03 • 4 a 03 Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 List of group 4 a 03 • 4 a 03 - Aytekov Danur • 4 a 03 - Abzhanov Nurbek • 4 a 03 - Alahunova Kaminur • 4 a 03 - Arzmetov Zarif • 4 a 03 - Ahet Abilhayir • 4 a 03 - Ahinbekova Akerke • 4 a 03 - Mukashev Serik • 4 a 03 - Muhammed Bagdji Group Name Group Member Name

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address • A special address used to send data Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address • A special address used to send data to all hosts in the network Example of Broadcast in group: 4 a 03 -All

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Prefix and Subnet Mask • Prefix defines number of bits Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Prefix and Subnet Mask • Prefix defines number of bits which belong to Network Address • Subnet Mask defines Prefix

Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Example of IPv 4 Prefix, identifies that Network Address consists Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Example of IPv 4 Prefix, identifies that Network Address consists of 24 bits starting from the left side. • 192. 168. 1. 21/24 • 11000000. 10101000. 000000010101 -> binary representation 8 bits 8+8=16 16+8=24 8 bits

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Network Address is: • 192. 168. 1. 0/24 Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Network Address is: • 192. 168. 1. 0/24

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Address is: • 192. 168. 1. 21/24 Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Address is: • 192. 168. 1. 21/24

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address Prefix, identifies that Network Address consists of 24 Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address Prefix, identifies that Network Address consists of 24 bits starting from the left side. • 192. 168. 1. 21/24 • 11000000. 10101000. 000000010101 -> binary representation 8 bits Belongs to host’s range 8+8=16 16+8=24

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address • 11000000. 10101000. 000000010101 • Combination range of Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address • 11000000. 10101000. 000000010101 • Combination range of last octet: • 0000 - > first combination. . . • 1111 - > last combination

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address • Last combination of Host Part in IPv Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Address • Last combination of Host Part in IPv 4 address is called broadcast address • This is Broadcast address: • 192. 168. 1. 255

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Review • Given information: 192. 168. 1. 21/24 • Network Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Review • Given information: 192. 168. 1. 21/24 • Network address: 192. 168. 1. 0/24 • Host address: 192. 168. 1. 21/24 • Broadcast address: 192. 168. 1. 255/24 • Range of usable IP addresses: 192. 168. 1. 0 -192. 168. 1. 255

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Different types of communication with IPv 4 Types of Communication Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Different types of communication with IPv 4 Types of Communication Unicast Broadcast Multicast

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Unicast Communication • The process of sending a packet from Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Unicast Communication • The process of sending a packet from one host to an individual host

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Unicast Communication Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Unicast Communication

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Communication • The process of sending a packet from Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Communication • The process of sending a packet from one host to all hosts in the network

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Communication Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Broadcast Communication

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 When Broadcast is used: • Mapping upper layer addresses to Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 When Broadcast is used: • Mapping upper layer addresses to lower layer addresses • Requesting an address • Exchanging routing information by routing protocols

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Multicast Communication • The process of sending a packet from Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Multicast Communication • The process of sending a packet from one host to a selected group of hosts

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Multicast Communication Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Multicast Communication

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 When Multicast is used: • Video and audio distribution • Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 When Multicast is used: • Video and audio distribution • Routing information exchange by routing protocols • Distribution of software • News feeds

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Reserved IPv 4 Addresses Range Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Reserved IPv 4 Addresses Range

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Addresses for Different Purposes Different Host Addresses Private IPv Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Host Addresses for Different Purposes Different Host Addresses Private IPv 4 Addresses Public IPv 4 Addresses

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Private IPv 4 Addresses • The private address blocks are: Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Private IPv 4 Addresses • The private address blocks are: • 10. 0 to 10. 255 (10. 0 /8) • 172. 16. 0. 0 to 172. 31. 255 (172. 16. 0. 0 /12) • 192. 168. 0. 0 to 192. 168. 255 (192. 168. 0. 0 /16) Private IP Addresses can not be used in Public Network (internet)

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Private IPv 4 Addresses Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Private IPv 4 Addresses

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Question • What for do we need to have Private Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Question • What for do we need to have Private and Public IPv 4 addresses?

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Answer • Limited range of IPv 4 addresses Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Answer • Limited range of IPv 4 addresses

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 NAT – Network Address Translation • NAT Mechanism is responsible Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 NAT – Network Address Translation • NAT Mechanism is responsible for Translation of Public to Private IP Addresses

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 NAT Example Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 NAT Example

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Addressing End Device Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Addressing End Device

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Addressing End Device Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Addressing End Device

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Addressing End Device Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Addressing End Device

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Example of IPv 4 Addressing Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Example of IPv 4 Addressing

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Question • Who assigns IP addresses? Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Question • Who assigns IP addresses?

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Answer • IANA – Internet Assigned Numbers Authority Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Answer • IANA – Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IANA - http: //www. iana. net • IANA is the Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IANA - http: //www. iana. net • IANA is the master holder of the IP addresses. • The IP multicast addresses and the IPv 6 addresses are obtained directly from IANA. • Until the mid-1990 s, all IPv 4 address space was managed directly by the IANA.

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IANA - http: //www. iana. net • Nowadays IANA separated Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IANA - http: //www. iana. net • Nowadays IANA separated responsibilities to five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IANA and RIRs IANA Afri. NIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 IANA and RIRs IANA Afri. NIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Afri. NIC • African Network Information Centre • http: //www. Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Afri. NIC • African Network Information Centre • http: //www. afrinic. net

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 APNIC • Asia Pacific Network Information Centre • http: //www. Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 APNIC • Asia Pacific Network Information Centre • http: //www. apnic. net

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 ARIN • American Registry for Internet Numbers • http: //www. Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 ARIN • American Registry for Internet Numbers • http: //www. arin. net

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 LACNIC • Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry) - Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 LACNIC • Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry) - Latin America and some Caribbean Islands • http: //www. lacnic. net

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 RIPE NCC • (Reseaux IP Europeans) - Europe, the Middle Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 RIPE NCC • (Reseaux IP Europeans) - Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia • http: //www. ripe. net

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 RIRs on MAP Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 RIRs on MAP

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 OVERVIEW OF IPV 6 Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 OVERVIEW OF IPV 6

Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Reason of IP Version 6 • What is the main Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Reason of IP Version 6 • What is the main Reason of IP version 6?

Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Answer • Extended number range Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Answer • Extended number range

Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 IP Version 6 • Consists of 128 bits • Divided Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 IP Version 6 • Consists of 128 bits • Divided into 8 octets • Represented in hexadecimal form

Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Example of IPv 6 • fe 80: 0000: 0202: b Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Example of IPv 6 • fe 80: 0000: 0202: b 3 ff: fe 1 e: 8329 • May be written as • fe 80: 0: 202: b 3 ff: fe 1 e: 8329 • And also in this form • fe 80: : 202: b 3 ff: fe 1 e: 8329

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 SUBNETTING THE NETWORK Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 SUBNETTING THE NETWORK

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subnetting the Network • Division of Network Range Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subnetting the Network • Division of Network Range

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 ANDing Process Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 ANDing Process

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subneting the Network Subnet Network address Host range Broadcast address Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subneting the Network Subnet Network address Host range Broadcast address 0 192. 168. 1. 0/25 192. 168. 1. 1 - 192. 168. 1. 26 192. 168. 1. 127 1 192. 168. 1. 128/25 192. 168. 1. 129 - 192. 168. 1. 254 192. 168. 1. 255

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subneting the Network Subnet Network address Host range Broadcast address Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subneting the Network Subnet Network address Host range Broadcast address 0 192. 168. 1. 0/26 192. 168. 1. 1 - 192. 168. 1. 62 192. 168. 1. 63 1 192. 168. 1. 64/26 192. 168. 1. 65 - 192. 168. 1. 126 192. 168. 1. 127 2 192. 168. 1. 128/26 192. 168. 1. 129 – 192. 168. 1. 190 192. 168. 1. 191 3 192. 168. 1. 192/26 192. 168. 1. 193 – 192. 168. 1. 254 192. 168. 1. 255

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subneting the Network Subnet Network address Host range Broadcast address Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Subneting the Network Subnet Network address Host range Broadcast address 0 192. 168. 1. 0/27 192. 168. 1. 1 - 192. 168. 1. 30 192. 168. 1. 31 1 192. 168. 1. 32/27 192. 168. 1. 33 - 192. 168. 1. 62 192. 168. 1. 63 2 192. 168. 1. 64/27 192. 168. 1. 65 - 192. 168. 1. 94 192. 168. 1. 95 3 192. 168. 1. 96/27 192. 168. 1. 97 - 192. 168. 1. 126 192. 168. 1. 127 4 192. 168. 1. 128/27 192. 168. 1. 129 - 192. 168. 1. 158 192. 168. 1. 159 5 192. 168. 1. 160/27 192. 168. 1. 161 - 192. 168. 1. 190 192. 168. 1. 191 6 192. 168. 1. 192/27 192. 168. 1. 193 - 192. 168. 1. 222 192. 168. 1. 223 7 192. 168. 1. 224/27 192. 168. 1. 225 - 192. 168. 1. 254 192. 168. 1. 255

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Task • Give IPv 4 addressing for Branch Offices Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Task • Give IPv 4 addressing for Branch Offices

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Branch Offices Criterias • Atlanta. HQ 58 host addresses • Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Branch Offices Criterias • Atlanta. HQ 58 host addresses • Perth. HQ 26 host addresses • Sydney. HQ 10 host addresses • Corpus. HQ 10 host addresses • WAN links 2 host addresses (each)

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Branch Offices Topology Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Branch Offices Topology

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Result Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Result

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 TESTING THE NETWORK LAYER Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 TESTING THE NETWORK LAYER

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping Localhost Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping Localhost

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping Gateway Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping Gateway

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping Remote Network Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping Remote Network

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Trace Route (tracert) Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Trace Route (tracert)

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping to remote Host + Routing Process Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Ping to remote Host + Routing Process

Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Q/A Suleyman Demirel University, 2011 Q/A