Simple Tenses Present Simple Настоящее простое время

Simple Tenses

Present Simple (Настоящее простое время) + ? - I, we, you they speak Do (I, we…) speak? (I, we…) do not speak He, she, it speaks He, she, it does not speak Does (he, she, it) speak?

Употребляется: • • • 1. Обычное, повторяющееся действие He plays golf every Sunday. 2. Констатация факта, утверждение истины: We sell our products into many markets. The sun rises in the East. 3. Характеристика человека: My sister sings very well. 4. Действие по графику, расписанию The train for London leaves at 9 p. m.

Past Simple (Простое прошедшее время) • • • V+ed или 2 -я ф. неправ. гл. I (we, /you/it/) worked They had Did you work? He did not work.

Употребляется: • 1. Действие, совершенное в прошлом и не связанное с настоящим: • They launched this project in 1980. • 2. Перечисление действий в прошлом: She came home, watched TV and went to bed. • 3. Повтор. действие в прошлом: • He used to listen to music for hours.

Future Simple (Простое будущее время) • Will/shall + infinitive без ” to” • I ( you, he, she, it, they) will bring you the book tomorrow. • He will come on time, don’t worry. • Shall I (we) go on?

Употребляется: • 1. Обещание • I’ll pay you back in a week. • 2. Внезапное решение что-то сделать (в момент речи) • I’ll go and shut the window. It’s cold here. • 3. После выражений типа: • I think; I believe; I suppose etc. • I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. • В вопросах с I, we – shall • Shall I go on?

Continuous Tenses To be + Participle I( причастие 1) Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous

Present Continuous • • I am working / Am I working? He (she, it) is working / Is it working? We (they, you) are working / Are you working? They are not working • To be (в нужн. форме) + Present Participle (ing)

Употребляется: • 1. Действие в процессе в момент речи: • What are you doing? - I’m trying to find a file. • 2. Действие в процессе в настоящее время, но не в момент речи: • They are building a new office. • 3. Ближайшее, запланированное будущее: • She is leaving for Paris on Monday.

Употребляется: 4. Временнoе действие: They are staying at the Hotel until May. 5. Изменяющаяся ситуация: The number of people using the Internet is growing. • 6. Повторяющееся действие; раздражение: • We are always discussing it, but in vain. • •

Past Continuous • I ( he, she, it )was working • They( you, we) were working • Were you working? – No, we were not working. • Waswere +Present Participle

Употребляется: • . Действие в процессе в определенный момент времени в прошлом. • I was watching TV when my parents arrived. • While their mother was cooking dinner the children were playing in the garden. • At 5 o’clock I was cooking , I was not watching TV. • •

Future Continuous • Will/shall be +Participle I • • She will be working at 10 o’clock tomorrow. • Will you be seeing her this evening?

Употребляется: • 1. Действие которое точно будет происходить в определенный момент в будущем. • This time tomorrow I’ll be swimming in the sea. • 2. Спрашивая о планах, если хотите попросить сделать что-либо для Вас. • Will you be passing a post-office. When you are out? • 3. Ближайшее запланированное будущее • What time will your friends be arriving? •

Perfect Tenses • • • To have + Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени) I (you, we, they) have worked He ( she, it) has worked Have you worked? - No, I have not (haven’t) worked Has he worked? – No, he has not (hasn’t) worked

Употребляется: • 1. Действие совершилось к наст. моменту и результат важен: It has broken down the barriers of geography and time. • 2. Новость: Our fax number has changed. • 3. Полученный жизненный опыт: He has done many jobs in his time • 4. Завершенное действие в будущем в придаточных условия и времени ( после: when, if, as soon as etc)I can’t make a decision if I haven’t received all the data • 5. После: This is the first / second time: It’s only the second time I’ve driven a car.

Past Perfect • I( you, he, she, we, they, it) had worked • Had you worked? – No, we had not worked • Had+ Past Participle (3 ф. непр. Гл)

Употребляется: • 1. Действие, которое произошло раньше другого действия в прошлом, либо закончилось к какому-то моменту в прошлом. • Had the film already started when you came to the cinema? • She had finished her work by 4 o’clock.

Употребляется: • 2. После выражений: I wish, If only, I’d rather • выражает действие, которое не произошло: • I wish I had been more interested in English at • School. • I’d rather he had asked me before taking my car.

• В отрицательной форме выражает сожаление по поводу содеянного • He wishes he had not left his previous job. (but he did)

Future Perfect (Будущее совершенное) • Will have + Participle II( причастие прошедшего времени), V 3 • • The match will have finished at 10. 30 • Употребляется: • Действие, которое будет завершено в какой-то момент в будущем. • At 9 o’clock we will have gone to work. • 2. Действие совершиться к к-то моменту в будущем. • The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.

Perfect Continuous Tenses • To have been + Participle I (причастие 1) • Present • Past • Future

Present Perfect Continuous • • • I (you, we, they) have been working He ( she, it) has been working Have you been working? Has he been working? He has not been working. Have(has) been + Present Participle (ing)

Употребляется: • • • 1. Действие, которое началось в прошлом и продолжалось до настоящего момента и либо закончилось к настоящему моменту либо все еще продолжается. Exports have been growing steadily over the past six months. Has he been waiting for me for a long time? (since, for, how long)

Past Perfect Continuous • • I ( he, she, it, we , they) had been working Had you been working? – No, we had not been working. Had been + Present Participle

Употребляется: • 1. Действие, которое происходило на протяжении • какого-то времени, до какого-то момента в про • шлом: • She had to take a break because she had been • working far too hard. • We had been waiting for him for half an hour before he • came

Future Perfect Continuous • Will/shall have been + Participle I She will have been working at this problem for a month when you visit us a second time. • Употребляется: • Действие, которое начнется в будущем и будет продолжаться до какого-то момента в будущем в течение некоторого времени.