St Petersburg 1703-1740.pptx
- Количество слайдов: 171
SAINT PETESBURG Saint Petersburg is the second largest city of Russia after Moscow and one of the world’s major cities. The population numbers about 5 million people. By European standards the city is young. It was founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter I the Great. St Petersburg has played a vital role in Russian history. It was the capital of the Russian Empire for two centuries (1712 1918). It was called Petersburg until 1914, when the German sounding name was changed to Petrograd, the city of Peter in Russian. In 1924, after Lenin`s death, it was named Leningrad, the city of Lenin. More then 270 places in our city are associated with the life and revolutionary activities of the first leader of the Soviet state. Here he founded the Party of Bolsheviks. The historical name of the city was restored in 1991.
На карте показаны основные торговые пути варягов: по Волге (красн. ) и Путь "из варяг в греки" по Днепру (фиол. ). Другие торговые пути VIII—XI вв. показаны оранжевым цветом.
CABIN OF PETER I. MAY 1703 ПЕТРОВСКАЯ НАБЕРЕЖНАЯ, 6 Since 1930 – a museum
Bust of Peter the Great, in front of his cabin 1875. Sculptor P. Zabello
CABIN OF PETER I. MAY 1703 One of the first building of St. Petersburg was Peter I’s Cabin. The Cabin was build at the end of May 1703. The workman build this cottage in three days. It was a small single storied building wooden structure. It didn’t have a stone foundation. The length of the Cabin was 12 m, a width was 5. 5 m. It was 2. 5 m high. The Cabin was build of rough finished pine logs. The logs were painted to look like bricks. The Cabin was roofed with little boards to look like tiles. It had seven windows. There weren’t any stoves or flues in the Cabin. Peter I (the First) lived there only in summer/ The plain furniture graced the rooms of the Cabin. There were a lot of Peter’s tools there. Peter mastered 14 skills professionally. The tools hung on the walls. The Cabin was preserved as a historical sight of St. Petersburg. Now the museum is located in this building. Since 1784 года – in the case house. The modern case house was created by an architect R. Kuzmin in 1844.
Questions 1. When was Peter the Great's Cabin built? 1. When was the foundation stone of the fortress laid? 2. Who built the Cabin? 2. What is the day of St. Petersburg's foundation? 3. How long did it take workmen to build the Cabin? 3. Where did Peter I decide to build a new fortress? 4. How many floors were there in the Cabin? 4. What is the name of the island where the new city was 5. What was this Cabin made of? 6. Did it have a stone foundation? 7. What was the length of the Cabin? founded? 5. What legend do you know about the foundation of the fortress? 8. What was the width of the Cabin? 6. Where is Zayachy island situated? 9. How were the logs of the Cabin painted? 7. Why did Peter I choose this island to build a new city? 10. How was the Cabin roofed? 8. Where did the fortress take its name from? 11. How many windows did the Cabin have? 9. What was in the center of the unfinished fortress? 12. Were there stoves and flues in the Cabin? 10. Whom was the small wooden church in the center of 13. When did Peter the Great live in the Cabin? the unfinished fortress dedicated to? 14. What furniture graced the rooms of the Cabin? 11. Where did Peter I build another fortress? 15. Whose tools hung on the walls of the Cabin? 12. What was the Peter and Paul Fortress turned into? 16. How many skills did Peter I master professionally? 13. Who was the first prisoner of the Peter and Paul 17. What is located in the Cabin now? Fortress? 14. Why was Alexei imprisoned in the fortress? 15. Where was Aalexei executed? 16. How long did the fortress remain the most horri ble political prison in Russia?
PETRINE BAROQUE STYLE 1700 1740
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT DOMENICO TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress)
ST. JOHN GATE
ST. PETER GATE. 1718 ARCHITECT DOMENICO TREZZINY
Bas relief The Overthrow of Simon the Magic. 1708 Sculptors Niccolo Pineau and Konrad Osner Double headed eagle – the coat of arms of Russia from 1497
TROITSKY (HOLY TRINITY) BRIDGE OVER THE NEVA RIVER TO KAMENNOOSTROVSKY PROSPEKT. 1897 1903
NARYSHKIN BASTION OF PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS FLAG TOWER
Russian maritime flag
Russian maritime flag A maritime flag is a flag designated for use on ships, boats, and other watercraft. Naval flags are considered important at sea and the rules and regulations for the flying of flags are strictly enforced. The flag flown is related to the country of registration: so much so that the word "flag" is often used symbolically as a synonym for "country of registration". В 1731 году на Нарышкином бастионе построили Флажную башню, на которой стали поднимать флаг (гюйс) (изначально флаг поднимался на Государевом бастионе). Флаг поднимался с утренней зарёй, опускался с вечерним закатом. С 1917 г. флаг не поднимался, но в 1990 е годы эту традицию возродили (сначала флаг поднимали и опускали, но впоследствии его стали постоянно держать на мачте). С 1730 х годов появилась традиция отмечать полдень пушечным выстрелом с Нарышкина бастиона. Выстрел также отмечал начало и конец рабочего дня. Постоянно стали производить выстрел с 1873 года. В 1934 году выстрелы прекратили, но в 1957 году эту традицию возродили. В XIX веке на территории крепости с 11 до 12 часов дня играл оркестр. В 2005 году во флажной башне установили рояль, время от времени сюда для игры приглашают известных музыкантов.
NARYSHKIN BASTION OF PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS FLAG TOWER
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL 1712 1733. ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress)
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733. ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733. ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY
Церковь Иль Джезу. Рим. 1568 1584 Архитекторы Виньола и Джакомо делла Порта
Капелла Св. Игнатия Лойолы
Church of the Gesù Church of the Most Holy Name of Jesus The Church of the Gesù (Italian: Chiesa del Gesù; Italian pronunciation: [, kjɛ: za del dʒe: zu]) is the mother church of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order also known as the Jesuits. Officially named Chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Gesù all'Argentina (English: Church of the Most Holy Name of Jesus), its facade is "the first truly baroque façade", introducing the baroque style into architecture. The church served as model for innumerable Jesuit churches all over the world, especially in the Americas. The Church of the Gesù is located in the Piazza del Gesù in Rome. First conceived in 1551 by Saint Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits Society of Jesus, and active during the Protestant Reformation and the subsequent Catholic Reformation, the Gesù was also the home of the Superior General of the Society of Jesus until the suppression of the order in 1773.
Moscow. Kremlin. Cathedral of the Dormition. Consecrated in 1479 Architect Aristotele Fioravanti The Cathedral is regarded as the mother church of Muscovite Russia
Moscow. Kremlin. Cathedral of the Dormition. Consecrated in 1479 Architect Aristotele Fioravanti Plan
Assumption Cathedral. 1559 1585 In the Holy Trinity St. Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad
Assumption Cathedral. 1559 1585 In the Holy Trinity St. Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad
Ярославль. Церковь Ильи Пророка. 1647 1650 Yaroslavl. Church of the Prophet Elijah [ɪ'laɪʤə]
ICONOCTASIS In Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine tradition, a solid screen of stone, wood, or metal, usually separating the sanctuary from the nave. The iconostasis had originally been some sort of simple partition between the altar and the congregation; it then became a row of columns, and the spaces between them were eventually filled with icons. In later churches it extends the width of the sanctuary, though the height may vary, and is covered with panel icons. In the 15 th 17 th old Russian churches it had five tiers:
TIERS OF ICONOCTASIS 1. The bottom tier is sometimes called Sovereign. On the right side of the Beautiful Gates (from the nave facing forward) is an icon of Christ (often Pantokrator), which symbolizes his Second Coming and on the left side is an icon of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) 2. In the center of the Deisis is a large icon of Christ Enthroned. To the left and right are icons of John the Baptist and the Theotokos in attitudes of supplication. They are often flanked by icons of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, then Sts. Peter and Paul, and then any other important Church Fathers that may be desired for inclusion as space allows. 3. The Feasts tier contains icons of the twelve Great Feasts of the liturgical year. Above this, the top two tiers are also interchangeable with each other: 4. The Old Testament Prophets and Patriarchs—the latter including the twelve sons of Jacob—often to either side of an icon of Our Lady of the Sign; and 5. the Twelve Apostles, often to either side of and icon depicting either Christ at the Second Coming or the Holy Trinity
Ярославль. Церковь Ильи Пророка. 1647 1650 Икона иконостаса Спас оплечный
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) In Russia one of the first structures built in the Petrine Baroque (Baroque of Peter’s period) was masonry of the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul on the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress (1712 1733, the architect D. Trezziny). It isn’t of a traditional Russian design, its architectural style is a combination of different traditions and European styles. The cathedral marked a new stage in Russian architecture. In 1697 1698 Peter I was travelling in Europe. He saw the design of churches in Germany, England other countries. On Peter’s instructions D. Trezzini created a combination of tower and spire unknown in the Orthodox tradition of church building. Trezzini designed a building with a tremendous spire that became the dominant vertical element in the new Russian capital.
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress. ) Angel holding a cross The angel is 3, 2 meters high, with a wingspan of 3, 8 meters.
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress)
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) The spire was covered with sheets of gilded copper and crowned by a weather vane in the form of a flying angel holding a cross. The angel is 3, 2 meters high, with a wingspan of 3, 8 meters. The bell tower is the tallest historical structure in the city with a height of 122, 5 meters. So the multi tier belfry with a gilt spire is an architectural dominant of the city, an integral part of its silhouette. The cathedral incorporated features of Italian, North European and Baltic religious architecture. The design of the Peter Paul Cathedral was the finest achievement of the style that had become known as the “Petrine Baroque”. Construction lasted twenty one years. Peter himself did not live to see the cathedral completed. It was consecrated in the names of the Apostles Peter and Paul in June 1733.
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) The interior of the cathedral differs much from that of the Russian churches of the 15 17 th centuries. The interior is divided lengthways into 3 naves. Piers are painted in imitation of different coloured marble. There is marble imitation on the walls and pillars, which uphold the vault while ancient churches were usually decorated with frescoes. The cathedral is lit by seven gilded bronze and crystal chandeliers (adorned with coloured glass and crystal elements). The cathedral is flooded with light. Old Russian churches did not have such big windows and chandeliers, they were usually dark inside. Besides, the cathedral was conceived by Peter I as a monument to Russian military glory and though trophies of war were traditionally kept in palaces, the banners taken in the course of the Northern War and in the War against Turkey (at the end of the 18 th century) were kept here.
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) These are replicas. Most of the original banners were sent to the Hermitage at the beginning of the 20 th century. On the walls there are eighteen large paintings on the New Testament subjects. Eighteen oil canvases over the cornice depict the life and passions of Christ. The iconostasis of the Peter Paul Cathedral is the apotheosis of Petrine Baroque art. Its parts and sculptures were carved from lime wood between 1722 1729 in Moscow. The main body of the iconostasis except the central gate which is made of gilded bronze, is carved of lime tree with an oak and pine foundation and then gilded. 43 icons were painted by a group of Moscow artists. Most of the icons depict biblical kings and patron saints of the imperial family.
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) There is a gilded pulpit. It is decorated with sculptures of the Apostles Peter and Paul, figures of the four evangelists and the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove surrounded by clouds and cherubim. The pulpit is also decorated with paintings on Gospel subjects. This splendid example of Russian wood carving was installed here in 1732.
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY Wall painting
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) Inside Upper Part of the Iconostasis
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL 1712 1733. ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) Iconostasis
Central Part of the Iconostasis
Fragment of the Iconostasis
Fragment of the Iconostasis
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) Pulpit
CATHEDRAL OF THE APOSTLES STS. PETER AND PAUL. 1712 1733. ARCHITECT D. TREZZINY (On the grounds of the Peter Paul Fortress) Burial Place of Peter I
Burial Place of Alexander II
Burial Place of Maria Aleksandrovna
St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral 1. Where is the St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral situated? 2. When was a small wooden church in the center of the unfinished fortress built? 3. Whom was the church dedicated to? 4. When was the construction of a stone cathedral in place of the wooden church begun? Who is the architect of the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul? 5. What was the main cathedral in St. Petersburg in the middle of the 18 th century? 6. Who invited Domenico Tresini to come to St. Petersburg? 7. What is the architectural style of the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul? 9. What is the height of the cathedral? 10. What was the tallest building. in Russia at the beginning of the 18 th century? 11. What is the building dominated by? 12. What is the spire crowned with? 13. Who made the design of the interior of the cathedral? 14. Who carved the iconostasis of the cathedral? 15. When was the iconosasis of the cathedral carved? 16. What is the iconostasis of the cathedral made of? 17. Who was buried in the cathedral? 18. When was Peter I buried in the cathedral? 19. Which of the Russian tsars weren't buried in the cathedral? 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Are services held in the cathedral now?
SUMMER PALACE OF PETER THE GREAT 1710 1714. ARCHITECTS A. SCHLUTER, D. TREZZINI (In the Summer Gardens)
Зимний дворец при Петре 1. 1711. Гравюра на меди.
Зимний дворец Петра 1. Восковая фигура Петра 1.
Зимний дворец Петра 1. Восковая фигура Петра 1
Бартоломео Карло Растрелли. Памятник Петру I Первая половина XVIII века
Бартоломео Карло Растрелли. Памятник Петру I Первая половина XVIII века
Бартоломео Карло Растрелли. Памятник Петру I Первая половина XVIII века
Вид на набережные Невы с Исаакиевского собора: Академию наук, Меншиковский дворец, здание 12 ти коллегий Автор: Дмитрий Казаков
MENSHIKOV PALACE. 1710 1720 ARCHITECTS D. FONTANA, T. SCHADEL (15 Universitetskaya Embankment) The yellow and white building is the former Palace of Prince Menshikov, the governor general of Petersburg in the days of Peter the Great. It was the first stone mansion of the city built at the beginning of the 18 th century. After the restoration the building (took its present form) has assumed its original early 18 th century appearance. In the building original fragments of the interiors of the 18 th century have been preserved, among them the famous Dutch tiles. At present an exhibition of the State Hermitage Museum dedicated to Russian culture and art of the 1700 1730 ies (of the first quarter of the 18 th century) has been opened to the public.
MENSHIKOV PALACE. 1710 1720 ARCHITECTS D. FONTANA, T. SCHADEL (15 Universitetskaya Embankment)
Oranienbaum Grand Menshikov Palace. 1710 1727 Architects Giovanni Maria Fontana, Gottfried Schädel
Oranienbaum Grand Menshikov Palace. 1710 1727 Architects Giovanni Maria Fontana, Gottfried Schädel
Oranienbaum Grand Menshikov Palace. 1710 1727 Architects Giovanni Maria Fontana, Gottfried Schädel In 1707, four years after he founded Saint Petersburg, Peter the Great gave the grounds near the seaside to his right hand man, Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov commissioned the architects Giovanni Maria Fontana and Gottfried Schädel, who built his residence, the Grand Menshikov Palace from 1710 to 1727 (not to be confused with Menshikov Palace in Saint Petersburg, built by the same architects around the same time). The central part of the Palace is connected by two galleries with the two domed Japanese and Church Pavilions. The Lower Garden, decorated with fountains and sculptures, and the Upper Garden were laid out at the same time. The Palace is located near the Lower Park, whose composite axis is a channel leading to the sea. This channel is an imitation of one designed by Peter himself at his nearby residence of Peterhof Palace. Menshikov was deposed shortly after Peter's death, and died in exile, and the palace passed out of his family. In 1743, Oranienbaum became the summer residence of Grand Duke Peter Fedorovitch, the heir of Empress Elizabeth (the future Emperor Peter III). Over the last ten years of Elizabeth's reign, Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli reconstructed the Grand Palace, adding beauty to its decor.
Дворец Монплезир. 1714 1723 Архитектор Браунштейн http: //www. encyclopaedia russia. ru/article. php? id=574 В переводе с французского (фр. mon plaisir) название дворца означает «моё удовольствие» — именно так назвал его Пётр I. Монплезир расположен в восточной части Нижнего парка, прямо на берегу Финского залива. Здание строилось с 1714 по 1723 гг. Монплезир был любимым дворцом Петра I — внутреннее и внешнее убранство дворца отличают строгость и рациональность. К центральному залу дворца примыкают шесть помещений, вместе образующие главный объем здания, от которого отходят галереи, завершающиеся павильонами люстгаузами. Среди комнат особо надо выделить жилые — Кабинет и Спальню Петра Великого. После смерти Петра I дворец превратился в своеобразный музей, посвящённый императору — после его кончины здесь ничего не менялось. В настоящее время в Монплезире представлена первая в России коллекция картин европейских художников XVII—XVIII веков (картины приобретены самим императором). В Лаковом кабинете, оформленном в китайском стиле, на резных полочках консолях, как и в XVIII веке, выставлена коллекция китайского фарфора. В годы Великой Отечественной войны дворец сильно пострадал, но разрушен не был.
Дворец Марли Архитектор И. Браунштейн http: //wonderfulnature. ru/ONLINE/Petergof. php Дворец Марли — главное сооружение западной части Нижнего парка. Несмотря на небольшие размеры, он играет важную роль в общей структуре всего ансамбля. От дворца лучеобразно отходят три главные аллеи, прорезающие парк с запада на восток: центральная — Марлинская, северная — Малибанская и южная — березовая. Высокий насыпной вал, расположенный к северу от Марли, защищает дворец и Марлинский сад от ветра с Финского залива. Новый дворец получил название Марли на манер резиденции французских королей в Марли ле Руа близ Парижа, которую Пётр Великий посетил во время своего пребывания во Франции в 1717 году, и предназначался для проживания знатных особ. Но уже в середине XVIII века он был превращен в своеобразное хранилище предметов, связанных с именем Петра Великого. В 1899 дворец был полностью разобран для постановки на новый фундамент, так как по стенам здания пошли трещины. В процессе работ все подлинные детали отделки были сохранены. Разрушенный в годы Второй мировой войны, дворец был восстановлен по проекту Е. Казанской и А Гессена и открыт для посетителей в 1982 году. В настоящее время Марли закрыт на реставрацию.
Фонтан «Ева» . 1726 Скульптор Дж. Бонацца
Фонтан «Адам» . 1718 1722 Скульптор Дж. Бонацца
KUNSTKAMMER (THE CHAMBER OF CURIOSITIES). 1718 1734 ARCHITECTS G. MATTARNOVI, N. HERBEL, M. ZEMTSOV (3 Universitetskaya Embankment) The building was designed for the library and the oldest Russian public museum founded by Peter the Great in 1714 and based on his private collections brought back from his European travels. Then «curiosities, oddities and rarities» were brought from different parts of the world to make up collections of the museum. The building consists of two three storey wings designed in Baroque of the Petrene period and joined into a single whole by the central volume that is topped with a multi tier tower. One of the wings housed a library, the other held the museum collections, in the central part there was an anatomical theater , while the tower accommodated the first Russian observatory. In the 1830 ies, due to the growth of its collections, the Chamber of Curiosities was divided into several museums: the museums of Zoology, Ethnography, Botany and Mineralogy. The Chamber of Curiosities has played a major part in promoting natural sciences in Russia.
KUNSTKAMMER (THE CHAMBER OF CURIOSITIES). 1718 1734 ARCHITECTS G. MATTARNOVI, N. HERBEL, M. ZEMTSOV (3 Universitetskaya Embankment) • Many Russian scholars have once worked here. The building now houses the Academy of Sciences Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, the Lomonosov’s Memorial museum and the Academy of Sciences Institute of Ethnology and Ethnic Anthropology. • At present the collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography named after Peter the Great numbers over one million articles telling about lifestyle of different peoples of the world. Many of them are unique.
TWELVE COLLEGIA BUILDING. 1722 1742 (BUILDING OF THE TEN MINISTRIES, THE SENATE AND THE SYNOD) ARCHITECT D. TREZZINI (7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment) It was Peter’s idea to have the center of the city on Vasilyevsky Island but due to the difficulties in communication between different parts of the city (there were no permanent bridges across the Neva at that time) the administrative center of the capital gradually shifted to the mainland. The Admiralty became the architectural center of Petersburg. Shipyards had been here until the middle of the 19 th century. Then they ceased building ships at the Admiralty and the space between the wings was built up with tenement buildings. It was near the Admiralty that the three main squares of the city were formed. This is one of the earliest 18 th century structures, one of the rarest example of a public building of the period. It was built in 1722 1742 to the design of the architect D. Trezzini.
TWELVE COLLEGIA BUILDING. 1722 1742 (BUILDING OF THE TEN MINISTRIES, THE SENATE AND THE SYNOD) ARCHITECT D. TREZZINI (7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment) It was designed to accommodate the highest bodies of state power in Russia the Senate and the Ministries instituted by Peter the Great. The building consists of twelve separate parts (by the number of the ministries) joined into a single whole. The main facade of enormous length (approximately 400 meters) faces east. An open arcade was running all along the facade. The decorative elements white pilasters against the red background of walls, figured jambs and attics are all typical of the Baroque of Peter’s period. The University of St. Petersburg was founded in 1819. Later in 1830 ies the building was transferred to the possession of the Petersburg University, and it was partly rebuilt.
TWELVE COLLEGIA BUILDING. 1722 1742 (BUILDING OF THE TEN MINISTRIES, THE SENATE AND THE SYNOD) ARCHITECT D. TREZZINI (7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment)
Типовой проект здания в Санкт Петербурге для "именитых“. 1716 Архитектор Жан Леблон The standard design of Saint Petersburg buildings for a eminent persons См. Википедия: Генеральный план Санкт Петербурга
KIKIN’S MANSION. 1714 1720 UNKNOWN ARCHITECT
First Quarter of the XVIII th Century’s Standard/ Type House (V. I. 6 th Liniya)
PERIOD FROM 1730 TO 1740 CATHEDRAL OF ST. SAMPSON THE HOSPITABLE. 1728 1740 UNKNOWN ARCHITECT (41 Bolshoi Sampsoniyevsky Prospekt) The cathedral was constructed in 1728 1740 on the site of a wooden church built in honour of the victory of the Russian troops over the Swedes during the Northern War at Poltava on 27 June 1709, the feast day of St. Sampson who died in 530 in Constantinople, is honoured by the Orthodox Church as a Christian zealot, healer and miracle worker, organizer of homes for the poor, diseased and wandering people (hence the addition to his name). Traditionally, St. Sampson is believed in Russia to have had a patronizing and hospitable attitude to foreigners. The cathedral has a five tier iconostasis produced in 1737 1739 by Russian carvers. Services in the cathedral were held until 1938.
CATHEDRAL OF ST. SAMPSON THE HOSPITABLE. 1728 1740 UNKNOWN ARCHITECT Facade Bás reliefs
CATHEDRAL OF ST. SAMPSON THE HOSPITABLE. 1728 1740 UNKNOWN ARCHITECT Facade Bás reliefs
CHURCH OF ST. MARTYR AND HEALER PANTALEON (PANTELEIMON) 1735 1739. ARCHITECT I. KOROBOV (17 Solianoi Lane) The Partikular (civil) Wharf (Shipyard) was constructed on the left Fontanka bank, opposite the Summer Gardens, between Panteleimonovskaya and Gangutskaya Streets by the architects G. Mattarnovi, N. Herbel and D. Trezzini. Of the 18 th century buildings only St. Pantaleon’s Church has survived. St. Pantaleon’s Church was constructed to commemorate the glory of the Russian fleet. St. Pantaleon’s Day coincided with the dates of the two major naval victories of Russia in the Northern War – the Battle at Gangut (Hanko; 1714) and at Grengam (1720). In both battles only rowing ships took part that were mostly built at the Partikular Wharf. The church is a typical sample of late Petrine Baroque. Characteristic of the style are white details on bright deep red background of the walls, high roof, pediments of sophisticated design. Churches in those times had the so called “ship like” layout: the belfry, the main domed part and the connecting refectory were arranged along one long axis. The tiered belfry was typically topped with a spire, whereas the faceted dome with a lantern was supported by a bulky octahedral drum. The memorial church has generally retained its original shape, though some alterations were introduced with time. The interior decoration and bas reliefs on the façade were done in the 19 th century.
CHURCH OF THE THREE SAINTS. COMPLETED IN 1740 ARCHITECT D. TREZZINI (V. I. 13 6 th Liniya)
COMMANDANT’S HOUSE. 1741 UNKNOWN ARCHITECT.
Questions 1. Who inhabited the territory of today's St. Petersburg and the adjacent lands one and a half thousand years ago? 2. What tribes came to these lands in the middle of the 8 th century? 3. What state did these lands belong to in the 10 th century? 4. How good was the geographic location of these lands? 5. What route/way laid across these lands? 6. What was that route called? 7. What lands did that route link? 8. When did Kievan Russia break up? 9. What state did these lands belong to from 12 th to the 14 th centuries? 10. What state attempted to capture these lands from the 13 th to the 16 th centuries? 11. Who tried to protect these lands? 12. When was the fortress of Oreshek built? 13. Who captured the fortress of Oreshek? 14. Who constructed the fortress of Nienschanz? 15. Where was the fortress of Nienschanz constructed? 16. Why was Russia cut off from the countries of Western Europe? 17. When did the Northern War begin? 18. What countries took part in the Northern War? 19. Why did the Northern War begin? 20. How long did the Northern War last? 21. When did the Northern War end? 22. Who was the victor in the Northern War? 23. When was the fortress Noteburg (former Oreshek) captured by the Russian Army? 24. When did the Russian Army capture the Ninschantz Fortress? 25. When was the foundation stone of the new city laid? 26. Where was the foundation stone of the new city laid? 27. When was St. Petersburg declared the new capital of Russia? 28. What poetic name did St. Petersburg receive? 29. What did St. Petersburg receive this poetic name for? 30. How did Peter I order to built houses in the new city? 31. Who supervised the construction in the new city? 32. What architects, sculptors and artists created the new city?
St Petersburg 1703-1740.pptx