Проект на тему озеро Байкал Земскова Александра.
Lake Baikal - the deepest lake in the world. The current value of the maximum depth of the lake 1642 meters [1] - was established in 1983, LG batters and AI Sulimov during hydrographic expedition GUNi. O USSR Ministry of Defense [4] at coordinates 53 ° 14'59 "s. sh. 108 ° 05'11 "to. q. (G) (O). Maximum depth was mapped in 1992 [6] and confirmed in 2002 as a result of the joint Belgian. Spanish-Russian project to build a new bathymetric map of Lake Baikal, where were digitized depth 1, 312, 788 points lake waters (depth values were obtained as a result of the recalculation acoustic sensing data, combined with additional bathymetric information, including sonar and seismic profiling, one of the authors of the opening of the maximum depth, LG split, was a participant in this project). [1] If we consider that the water surface of the lake is located at an altitude of 455. 5 meters above sea level, the lowest point of the basin lies at 1186. 5 m below sea level, which makes the cup Baikal is also one of the deepest continental basins [1]. The average depth of the lake is also very high 744. 4 m [1]. It exceeds the maximum depths of many very deep lakes. In addition to Lake Baikal in the world only two lakes are deeper than 1, 000 meters: Tanganyika (1470 m) and the Caspian Sea (1, 025 m) [7] [8]. (According to some reports the subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica has a depth of more than 1200 m [9], but we must remember that this subglacial "lake" is not a lake, in the sense we are used to, as over four kilometers of ice water, and it is a kind of a closed tank where the water is under tremendous pressure, and the "surface" or "level" of water in different parts of the "lakes" differs by more than 400 meters. Thus, the concept of "depth" to the subglacial Lake Vostok is fundamentally different from the depth of the "ordinary" lakes).
The origin of the Baikal still causes scientific disputes. Age of lake scientists traditionally defined in 25 -35 million years. This fact also makes the Baikal is a unique natural object, as most lakes, especially glacial origin, live an average of 10 -15 thousand years, and then filled with muddy sediments and logged. However, there is also the version on the youth of lake Baikal, nominated by the doctor of geological-mineralogical Sciences Century A. Tatarinov during 2009, which received indirect confirmation during the second phase of the expedition "Worlds" on lake Baikal. In particular, the activity of mud volcanoes at the bottom of lake Baikal allows scientists to assume that the modern shoreline of the lake, just 8 thousand years, and the deep-sea part 150 thousand years[19]. Undoubtedly only that the lake is located in the rift basin and the structure is similar, for example, with a pool of the Dead sea. Some researchers explain the formation of Baikal, its location in the zone transform fault, others are available under the Baikal mantle plume, and others explain the formation of cavities passive rifting in the collision of the Eurasian plate and the Indian subcontinent. Be that as it may, the transformation of lake Baikal is still ongoing in the vicinity of the lake earthquakes often happen. There is the assumption that subsidence of the basin is associated with the formation of a vacuum foci due to the outpouring of basalt on the surface (the Quaternary period).
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