MONUMENTS TO CULTURAL FIGURES OF STAVROPOL REGION Solod

MONUMENTS TO CULTURAL FIGURES OF STAVROPOL REGION Solod Vladislav, 9 «А» School № 28, Pyatigorsk Teachers: Skotnikova E. V. Volkovaya E. V.

SOLZHENITSYN А. I. Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was a Russian novelist, historian, and short story writer. He was an outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and its totalitarianism and helped to raise global awareness of its Gulag forced labor camp system. Solzhenitsyn was born 11 December 1918 in Kislovodsk (Stavropol Krai). His mother, Taisiya Solzhenitsyn was Ukrainian. Her father had risen from humble beginnings to become a wealthy landowner, acquiring a large estate in the Kuban region in the northern foothills of the Caucasus.

During the war (1941 -1945) Solzhenitsyn served as the commander of a sound-ranging battery in the Red Army, was involved in major action at the front, and twice decorated. A series of writings published late in his life, including the early uncompleted novel Love the Revolution!, chronicles his wartime experience and his growing doubts about the moral foundations of the Soviet regime. In February 1945 Solzhenitsyn was arrested for writing derogatory comments in private letters to a friend about the conduct of the war by Joseph Stalin.

He was accused of anti-Soviet propaganda. Solzhenitsyn was taken to the Lubyanka prison in Moscow. On 7 July 1945, he was sentenced in his absence to an eight-year term in a labour camp. The first part of Solzhenitsyn's sentence was served in several different work camps; the "middle phase, " as he later referred to it, was spent in a sharashka. In 1950, he was sent to a "Special Camp" for political prisoners in the town of Ekibastuz in Kazakhstan. His experiences at Ekibastuz formed the basis for the book One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. 3 February 1956 Solzhenitsyn was freed from exile and exonerated.

In 1969 Solzhenitsyn was expelled from the Union of Writers. In 1970, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Gulag Archipelago was composed during 1958– 67. This work was a threevolume, seven part work on the Soviet prison camp system. The Gulag Archipelago has sold over thirty million copies in thirty-five languages.

On 12 February 1974, Solzhenitsyn was arrested and deported the next day from the Soviet Union to Frankfurt, West Germany and stripped of his Soviet citizenship. Over the next 17 years, Solzhenitsyn worked on his dramatized history of the Russian Revolution of 1917, The Red Wheel. By 1992, four parts had been completed and he had also written several shorter works. In 1990, his Soviet citizenship was restored, and, in 1994, he returned to Russia. After returning to Russia in 1994, Solzhenitsyn published eight two-part short stories, a series of contemplative "miniatures" or prose poems, a literary memoir on his years in the West, among many other writings.

Solzhenitsyn died of heart failure near Moscow on 3 August 2008, at the age of 89. He was buried the same day at the place chosen by him in the monastery's cemetery. The memory of the native and honorary citizen of the city of Kislovodsk, Solzhenitsyn keeps the house of his aunt M. Z. Gorina, where the future writer lived in 1920 -1924 years.

House of Gorin architecturally is very unusual for Kislovodsk. The first floor of the brick, and the second - a log; with a turret, windows in the form of lancet arches, carved wooden balconies, openwork wooden carvings. Alexander Solzhenitsyn lived with her mother in this house until 1924. Then we moved to Rostov. Gorina's Villa - house in the center of Kislovodsk - it's the only building that survived in the hometown of the writer.

In 2008, by decree of the Russian President announced mansion object of cultural heritage of federal importance. On the 12 of December in 2014 was opened and saved the restored building of the twentieth century, Information and Cultural Center "Museum of Solzhenitsyn" (ICC "Museum of Solzhenitsyn") is located here. Permanent exhibition of the museum is connected with the Stavropol and the early biography of Solzhenitsyn. It talks about the formation of his personality in the years of childhood and adolescence, the tragic events of the war, followed by conclusions and the link to start writing - before the publication in 1962, the novel "One Day of Ivan Denisovich", which brought the author international recognition.

GUBIN A. T. Andrei Terent'evich Gubin was born on the 17 of October in 1927 in the family of the Terek Cossack village Essentukskaya. Here, as well as in the neighboring Kislovodsk, he spent his childhood. Very early, at age 15, he began his career: he was a herdsman, blacksmith, fireman, stoker on a steam train. Working ship engineer on transport ships Riga seaport, he graduated from high school and began writing the first verses of the sea.

"For the Motherland" the first work by A. Gubin were published in 1951 in the newspaper. Later, his stories were published in the magazine "October", "Change" and the anthology "Stavropol". In 1959 he graduated from the scriptwriting faculty of the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography and began to live a literary work. In memory of his mother, he took a piece of her maiden name – Tristan.

Then he worked as a loader in Nakhodka, a stoker in a Moscow hotel, spending all my free time for books in "Lenin Library". After returning home, he became a typographical corrector "For the Motherland" newspaper (Essentuki), and later - the literary staff of this newspaper.

The first collection of works by T. Gubin "Pallas Athena" was released in 1966 in Stavropol. Roman "Milk of wolf" was published in 1968 in "October" magazine, N 6, 7, in 1969, he released a separate edition in Moscow, and in 1970 - in Stavropol. In 1969, AT Gubin was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.

Above the main work of his life - the novel "Milk of wolf" Andrei Terent'evich worked for about 20 years. In it, he reveals the pages of the past of our land. The work covers more than a hundred years of life of the Terek Cossacks, bright people's lives. This novel was translated into German and published by the Berlin publishing house World Literature in 1971.

The last years of his life the writer spent in Moscow, without breaking the close ties with his native city. The writer died on March 6, 1992. On his grave a monument, which depicts a “Milk of wolf" book with the inscription and knocked out the words: "I have dreams, beautiful as childhood. "

Creativity Andrei Gubin is inextricably linked with the native land. There are few masters of the word, who would be so reverently praised his "small home". On the desktop, the writer left 12 novels united by the common name of the series "12 stones in the Milky Way of the Universe. " In 1995, one of three Russian writers he was (posthumously) the winner of the literary award of M. Sholokhov.

After the death of the writer streets, schools, libraries began to carry his name in the cities of KMV. In Essentukskaya school N 8 and N 19 Kislovodsk established museums. Name Gubin is a library-branch N 4 Pyatigorsk CBS. In 1997 the Government of the region, the administration of the CMS was announced Gubin year.

12 October 1994 supporting the wall near the pump-room New source "Narzan" (Kislovodsk Resort Boulevard), a monument to the writer-high relief, AT Opened Gubin. The author of this high relief was Kislovodsk sculptor, Honored Artist of Russia, honorary citizen of Kislovodsk Gurgen Varazdatovich Kuregyan.

"Human life - candle flame. . . " - he wrote AT Gubin. The poet will live while alive our memory of him. Andrei Gubin is no longer in the visible world. But his unquenchable spiritual spark. His books. We, the future of the region, should cherish the memory of our great predecessors.

List of references and Internet resources 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. http: //lib. kmv. ru/projects/lit. Pyat/writers/gubin. htm http: //mcbs-blagodarnyi. ru/files/--. pdf https: //ru. wikipedia. org http: //solzhenitsyn. biografy. ru/ http: //kislovodsk-cbs. ru/literaturnyj-kislovodsk/gubin-a http: //www. esmuseum. ru/essentuki/essentuchane/249 andrej-gubin http: //stav-kr. ru/publ/1/2 -1 -0 -170 http: //krkrub. kubannet. ru/navig/page/69/message/282/