MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY Morphological Structure of the English

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8062-word_structure.ppt

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>MODERN  ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY Morphological Structure of the English Word MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY Morphological Structure of the English Word

>Problems for discussion Methods of word-structure analysis Distinction between “morpheme”, “morph”, “allomorph” Structural classification Problems for discussion Methods of word-structure analysis Distinction between “morpheme”, “morph”, “allomorph” Structural classification of morphemes Semantic classification of morphemes Structural types of words

>Which methods are used to observe structural composition of words? Morphemic analysis  Morphological Which methods are used to observe structural composition of words? Morphemic analysis Morphological analysis Method of Immediate and Ultimate Constituents

>Morphemic analysis    Segments a word into morphemes to determine their number Morphemic analysis Segments a word into morphemes to determine their number and types: girlishness one root morpheme (-girl-) + two suffixes (-ish; -ness)

>Morphological analysis Compares structures of words to state:  a) the structural pattern of Morphological analysis Compares structures of words to state: a) the structural pattern of the word formation: Girl :: girlish  “noun stem + -ish  adjective” b) the meaning of the pattern of word-formation: The pattern “noun stem + -ish  adjective” has the meaning“typical of, or having the qualities of”

>The method of immediate and ultimate constituents Observes the structural order of the constituents: The method of immediate and ultimate constituents Observes the structural order of the constituents: girlishness Stage 1. girlish + -ness Stage 2. girl + -ish + -ness

>What is a morpheme?    Morpheme is the smallest indivisible two-facet language What is a morpheme? Morpheme is the smallest indivisible two-facet language unit which occurs in speech only as a constituent part of words and recurs with the same meaning in a number of words: worker miner the doer of the action teacher

>What is a morph?    A morph is a single realization of What is a morph? A morph is a single realization of a morpheme.

>What is an allomorph? im- (before b, m: impossible, immobilize),  il- (before l: What is an allomorph? im- (before b, m: impossible, immobilize), il- (before l: illogical), ir- (before r: irregular) are allomorphs of in-

>Structural classification of morphemes Morpheme  free       Structural classification of morphemes Morpheme free bound semi-bound hand amazement sleep well handful handful well handy handy well-known

>Semantic classification of morphemes Morpheme  root morpheme      Semantic classification of morphemes Morpheme root morpheme non-root morpheme derivational functional prefix infix suffix inflection

>Examples unreadable:  un-          Examples unreadable: un- - prefix - read- - root - able - suffix stand -n- - infix near – nearer – nearest: -er\-est - functional affixes

>Structural types of words Word         Structural types of words Word complex simple (root) derived compound compound-derived

>Simple words root morpheme (+ inflexion)  seldom chair longer asked Simple words root morpheme (+ inflexion) seldom chair longer asked

>Derived words prefix + root (+inflexion) unkind root + suffix (+inflexion) readable prefix + Derived words prefix + root (+inflexion) unkind root + suffix (+inflexion) readable prefix + root + suffix (+ inflexion) unanswerable

>Compound words root + root (+ inflexion)  sunflower baby-moon wait-and-see steam-boat Compound words root + root (+ inflexion) sunflower baby-moon wait-and-see steam-boat

>Compound-derived words root + root + suffix (+inflexion)  prefix + root + root Compound-derived words root + root + suffix (+inflexion) prefix + root + root (+inflexion) prefix + root + root + suffix (+inflexion) daydreamer middle-of-the-roader job-hopper