Topic 2.ppt
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MANAGER’S LABOR ORGANIZING TOPIC #2 WORKPLACE DESIGN Olga Myronova, Ph. D, Management and Business Department Kh. NUE
Questions: 1. The work environment. 2. The interior design. 3. Office Space Standards.
Group communications GROUP SIZE The larger the group, the harder it is for people to communicate with other group members. GROUP STRUCTURE Communication is better in informally structured groups than in hierarchically structured groups. GROUP COMPOSITION Communication is better when there are different personality types in a group and when groups are mixed rather than single sex. THE PHYSICAL WORK ENVIRONMENT Good workplace organisation can help encourage communications.
Working environments The physical workplace provision has an important effect on individual productivity and satisfaction q q q Comfort; Privacy; Facilities. Health and safety considerations must be taken into account q q q Lighting; Heating; Furniture.
Environmental factors Privacy - each engineer requires an area for uninterrupted work. Outside awareness - people prefer to work in natural light. Personalization - individuals adopt different working practices and like to organize their environment in different ways.
The Concept of Workplace Performance and its Value to Managers are required to make decisions that affect to the quality of the environments in which people work.
The range of workspace types is proliferating: open plan; team space; moveable furniture; personal harbors or personal environmental modules; group office.
The concept “workspace performance” a workspace whose explicit objectives is to support the performance of work: a performing workplace is designed to optimize worker productivity.
There are three categories of productivity: Individual productivity is typically evaluated at the scale of the individual workspace (desk, office) and on how the microenvironment influences individual task performance (ITP). In a typical ITP workspace, each individual tends to sit in one place for most of the day and to perform the tasks assigned. Task performance is affected by environmental conditions: lighting and visual conditions, variations in temperature and humidity, furniture ergonomics, and acoustics.
Productivity of workgroups is typically evaluated in terms of the quality and quantity of group processes, called collaborative teamwork (CTW). The workspace design for teams is affected by environmental conditions: function of the size, duration, and importance of team projects.
The company and organization’s productivity is viewed in terms of entire workspace or accommodation – the macro-environment.
Environmental comfort approach focused on measuring workplace performance from the perspective of building users; creates connection among all three categories of productivity and all three scales of work environment. Comfort as a basis for setting environmental standards developed out of the recognition that people need to be more than simply healthy and safe in the buildings they occupy.
Environmental comfort involves three categories of comfort: physical comfort: basic human needs such as safety, hygiene and accessibility. These needs must be met to ensure that the environmental is habitable; functional comfort is defined in terms of users’ performance of tasks and activities in the work environment. Elements: appropriate lighting for screen-based work, ergonomic furniture, and enclosed rooms available for meetings and collaborative work;
psychological comfort: feelings of belonging, ownership, and control over one’s workspace. The primary component: sense of territory, both individual territory (office, workstation, micro-workspace) and group territory (team, group, midrange workspace), with effects on both employee stress levels and motivation.
Office layout
The interior design Interior design is a multi-faceted profession in which creative and technical solutions are applied within a structure to achieve a built interior environment that solves the customer's problems and links space to business strategies and goals.
Designs must adhere to code and regulatory requirements, and encourage the principles of environmental sustainability. Interior design can also influence the choice of real estate that will address the organization's needs through the architecture and design elements.
The basic principles of a workplace can address and include the following criteria: Healthy: Create a clean, environmentally sustainable workspace with good acoustics, lighting, and air quality. Security and Safety: Create the workplace in such a way that physically protects the occupants and assets from man-made and natural hazards. Comfort: Distribute workplace services, systems, and components that allow occupants to adjust thermal, lighting, acoustics, and furniture systems to meet personal and group comfort levels. A typical workstation layout involves corner orientation
Reliability: Support the workplace with efficient, state-of-the-art heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, and equipment that require little maintenance, minimal loss of service, and less energy. Flexibility to address the client's goals are varied and can include: ь Under floor access to all workspace services ь Maximum user control of the work environment ь Mobile furniture and technology ь Building utilities that are everywhere, reconfigurable, and expandable ь Alternate work places, hoteling, teleworking, etc. ь Diverse work settings for diverse work and workforce A more advantageous workstation layout includes office orientation and glazing
Brand or Image: The work environment is one medium of communicating an organization's principles to internal and external customers. Branding creates a sense of pride and commitment to the organization and its stakeholders. Equity Fairness: The workspace is designed for function and provides all users with daylight, privacy, outside views, and personalized workspace in an aesthetically pleasing manner. Technological Connectivity: Enables full communication and simultaneous access to data among and distributed to coworkers both on and off-site including teleworking, hoteling, etc. , and has built-in capacity and flexibility to adapt to future technologies. Design and lighting combine to create the visual environment as occupants perceive it.
Office space When planning a new office, designers and their clients are faced with many challenges and questions. They have to think about practical issues: spatial needs, proximity relations, IT infrastructure and furniture, but also more strategic issues such as occupancy costs, effectiveness of the working environment, and environmental impact.
Workspace organisation Workspaces should provide private spaces where people can work without interruption. Providing individual offices for staff has been shown to increase productivity. However, teams working together also require spaces where formal and informal meetings can be held.
Principles of workspace Departments should be empowered to plan their office space. Standards and guidelines should be simplified. Space should be allocated according to functional requirements. Space should be flexible.
Space Allocation Standards 1. Space Envelope – the total amount of general purpose office space provided to a department, as determined under these standards.
The space envelope for a department will be calculated using the following allocations: Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) - A measure of labor utilization which approximates the number of persons employed by a department and requiring office space.
In addition to general purpose space which is accommodated within the space envelope, most departments will require special purpose space. This space is not included in the space envelope calculation. Special purpose space requirements must be determined through a functional program and justified based on an inventory of the furniture, equipment, supplies and materials to be accommodated.
Space Estimate Example Assuming a department requires office space for 50 FTEs and has justified a requirement for 56 square meters of special purpose space, the estimated space requirement would be calculated as follows:
Relationship of Conceptual, Human, and Technical Skills to Management Level
MANAGEMENT TYPES 2. Workstation Spaces - Spaces provided to people to accommodate their individual furniture and equipment and allow them to perform their job functions. Workstation space may be enclosed or open depending on the confidentiality, security, visual and acoustical privacy requirements of the job. The following is a list of recommended workstation sizes for various job functions. Using these workstation sizes will promote efficient space planning within building grids and provide flexibility for accommodating future organizational changes.
3. Support Spaces - Shared space containing furniture, equipment or materials used by a department. For example, photocopier rooms, file cabinets, meeting rooms, coffee counters, etc. These shared spaces are located near the people that use them on a regular basis and may be enclosed or open depending on the type of equipment and the work performed in them.
The following is a list of recommended space planning allowances for office support functions.
The following space planning and design guidelines are recommended: In order to create flexibility, promote air quality, increase natural light penetration and reduce costs, attempt to limit the number of enclosed workstations to 45% of the total workstations on a floor. Enclosed workstations may be provided to senior managers (e. g. , director level and above) and positions which conduct continuous (e. g. , on a daily basis for at least 3 to 4 hours during the day) confidential meetings. The supervision of staff and/or occasional confidential meetings is not usually considered sufficient cause for an enclosed workstation. The provision of meeting rooms and shared Quiet Rooms is a more efficient and functional solution.
Enclosed offices should be positioned on the building core and provided with glazing to receive natural light. Screens should be 1. 65 m (65") or lower in height. Allocate approximately 25% of the space as circulation space. Departments should consider collocating in order to share support spaces and equipment and reduce costs. Plan space so that short term space requirements are isolated from longer term requirements to enable future space reductions.
For periodic large group (12 or more people) meetings, conference rooms should be rented from the private sector rather than accommodated in general office space. However, if private conference facilities are not available locally, departments can provide for conference-size rooms by connecting adjoining meeting rooms with ceiling height, soundproof, moveable partitions. To create flexibility, apply a modular approach to planning; i. e. , plan spaces which are compatible with building grids. Most existing facilities are built on a 5' x 5' grid.
To promote open workstation planning, Quiet Rooms can be provided for small group meetings and work requiring privacy. To provide maximum functionality as shared workstations, Quiet Rooms should be equipped with furniture, computer equipment and communications connections. Plan the size of smaller support spaces so that they can be interchangeable with workstations for people. Attempt to standardize workstation furniture so that, when moves occur, only people need to move.
Office spaces Open office for more than ten people, suitable for activities which demand frequent communication or routine activities which need relatively little concentration.
Office spaces Team space – a semi-enclosed workspace for two to six people; suitable for teamwork which demands frequent internal communication and a medium level of concentration.
Office spaces Cubicle – a semi-enclosed workspace for one person, suitable for activities which demand medium concentration and medium interaction.
Office spaces Private office – an enclosed workspace for one person, suitable for activities which are confidential, demand a lot of concentration or include many small meetings.
Office spaces Shared office – an enclosed workspace for two or three people, suitable for semi concentrated work and collaborative work in small groups.
Office spaces Team room – an enclosed workspace for four to ten people; suitable for teamwork which may be confidential and demands frequent internal communication.
Office spaces Study booth – an enclosed workspace for one person; suitable for short-term activities which demand concentration or confidentiality.
Office spaces Work lounge – a lounge-like workspace for two to six people; suitable for short-term activities which demand collaboration and/or allow impromptu interaction.
Office spaces Touch down – an open workspace for one person; suitable for short-term activities which require little concentration and low interaction.
Meeting spaces Small meeting room – an enclosed meeting space for two to four persons, suitable for both formal and informal interaction.
Meeting spaces Large meeting room – an enclosed meeting space for five to 12 people, suitable formal interaction.
Meeting spaces Small open meeting space – an open or semi-open meeting space for two to four persons; suitable for short, informal interaction.
Meeting spaces Large open meeting space – an open or semi-open meeting space for five to 12 people; suitable for short, informal interaction.
Meeting spaces Brainstorm room – an enclosed meeting space for five to 12 persons; suitable for brainstorming sessions and workshops.
Meeting spaces Meeting point – an open meeting point for two to four persons; suitable for ad hoc, informal meetings.
Support spaces Filling space – an open or enclosed support space for the storage of frequently used files and documents.
Support spaces Storage space – an open or enclosed support space for the storage of commonly used office supplies.
Support spaces Print and copy area – an open or enclosed support space with facilities for printing, scanning and copying.
Support spaces Mail area – an open or semi-open support space where employees can pick up or deliver their personal mail.
Support spaces Pantry area – an open or enclosed support space where people can get coffee and tea as well as soft drinks and snacks.
Support spaces Break area – a semi-open or enclosed support space where employees can take a break from their work.
Support spaces Locker area – an open or semi-open support space where employees can store their personal belongings.
Support spaces Smoking room – an enclosed support space where employees can smoke cigarettes.
Support spaces Library – a semi-open or enclosed support space for reading of books, journals and magazines.
Support spaces Games room – an enclosed support space where employees can play games (e. g. computer games, pool, darts).
Support spaces Waiting area – an open or semi-open support space where visitors can be received and can wait for their appointment.
Support spaces Circulation space – support space which is required for circulation on office floors, linking all major functions.
Questions?
Thank you
Topic 2.ppt