London England London is the capital of

London England

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It’s one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 9 million people. London is situated on the river Thames. It was founded more than two thousand years ago.

London is an ancient city. It appeared at the place where the Roman invaders decided to build a bridge over the Thames. There are four parts in London: West End, East End, the City and Westminster. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. There are many offices, companies and banks in this part of the capital. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange. The Tower of London and St Paul’s Cathedral are situated in the City. Westminster is also important part of the capital. It’s the administrative centre of London. The Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government, are there. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey where kings and queens have been crowned and many famous people were buried. The Houses of Parliament are often referred to as the Palace of Westminster.

The Towers of the Houses of Parliament stand high above the city. On the highest tower there is the largest clock in the country, Big Ben strikes every quarter of an hour. To the west of Westminster is West End, the richest part of London. It is full of luxury hotels, super-markets, cinemas and concert-halls. In the centre of the West End the Trafalgar Square is situated with the famous statue of Lord Nelson. To the east of Westminster is East End, an industrial district of the capital. Most of plants and factories are situated there. The official London residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. The palace was built in 1703 by the Duke Buckingham. The daily ceremony of the Changing of the Guard takes place in its courtyard. There are many museums in London. For example, the British Museum, the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum. The British Museum is the biggest museum in London. The museum is famous for its library — one of the richest in the world.

Origin of the name The modern name of the city - London - comes from the ancient Roman "Londinium" (Latin. Londinium). There is no consensus about the origin of the word no, but scientists have repeatedly put forward hypotheses about the etymology of the name. Here are the four most popular assumptions: Title - Latin origin, and derives from the Roman proper name, which means "fierce"; Title - Latin origin, and comes from the word Lond, which means "wild (that is overgrown forest) place" Title - Celtic origin, and consists of two words: Llyn (lake) and Dun (fortification): the Celtic period the city was called Llyndid; The name comes from the word drevnoyevropeyskoho Plowonida, which means "river that burst its banks".

Informal name London The British often called The Big Smoke. This name can be translated as "Big Smoke". Clearly, the name associated with the London smog. Another unofficial name of the town - The Great Wen. This expression is almost impossible to translate literally, because that Ukrainian language has no word equivalent Wen, which roughly means "City of too large a population. " As for the names of districts, the City is sometimes called the "square mile". In the days of the British Empire in London often informally called capital of the world, and in 1960 the town was called "Svinhuyuchyy London" - the flourishing life of fashion and culture.

Location Thames view from Tower Bridge London covers an area of 1, 579 km². Coordinates: 51 ° 30 'North. w. 0 ° 00 'West. d. From the southwest to the east of the city crossing the Thames, navigable river that flows into the North Sea. Thames Valley - a fertile and relatively flat, allowing London to expand evenly. Initially, the river was wider, and its shores are marshy and furnaces, but due to human activities all gone. Thames - tidal river, and London because there is a danger of flooding. In recent years, this danger is increased through raising the water level in the river.

climate According to the classification Keppen moderate maritime climate of London, so in rare cases of very high or very low temperatures. In summer, temperatures mostly varies from 11 ° C to 24 ° C, although some days can reach 30 ° C. A record temperature of 39 ° C was recorded on Aug. 10, 2003. Winters in London cool, but temperatures rarely drops to zero. The record low temperature is -10 ° C. London relatively dry city with regular but mild rainfall throughout the year.

Accent London traditionally characterized emphasis of English, called Cockney. His most expressive features - lowering sound [h] (HSBC-dropinh) and the pronunciation [ai] instead of [ei]. In the modern age people in London speak with different accents - cockney, acquisitions pronunciation (received pronunciation), Caribbean pronunciation (for immigrants from the West Indies). Religion From the most popular beliefs of Christianity - 58. 2%. Behind him followed Islam - 7. 8%; Hinduism - 4. 1%; Judaism - and Sikhism 2. 1% - 1. 5% [15]. Quite a few atheists in London - 15. 8%. Areas where Muslims of London Tower-Hemlets and Newham. A large Hindu community is located in the north-western provinces of Harrow and Brent, Sikhs live mostly in the eastern and western regions, and Jews - in Stamford Hill and Golders Green Crematorium, located in north London.

Transport London taxi There are eight airports that are in its official title the word "London". The main gate to the world is London Heathrow Airport - the world's largest international airport traffic. This is the main British base Erveyz - British national airline. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened and already considers the construction of the sixth. The same volume of air traffic has Gatwick Airport. London City Airport Stenstid - base Rayaner, London Luton Airport is designed mainly for short connections at low rates. London City Airport smallest designed primarily for business-class passengers. London Southend airport makes business flights and air transport services.

Red city bus London has one of the world's best public transport systems. The heart of the transport system in London is the London subway, known among the people as a "pipe" (Eng. Tube), the beginning of which was laid in the 1863 London subway daily carries over three million passengers. Underground connects the city center with suburban areas north of the Thames. In the south it goes in the ground transport network, due in part complex geological structure on the south side of the river. In 1987 opened another metro system - "Docklands Light reylvey" which uses smaller and lighter trains. It serves East London and Greenwich on both banks of the Thames. Long-distance trains do not usually cross the city. Fourteen railway stations around the city center is their last stop. The exception is Teymzlink railway, terminal stations which Bedford and Brighton Murheyt. In October 2007 a draft of through railway construction, which allocated 10 billion pounds. Its goal - to reduce the burden on urban transport. Eurostar high-speed train system connecting St Pancras International from Paris and Lille in France and Brussels in Belgium. Journey time from London to Paris and Brussels 2 hours. 15 min. and 1 hour. 51 min. respectively.

Museums and Libraries Sherlock Holmes Museum More articles in Museums in London museums are the hearth area of South Kensington, which contains the Natural History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum (the world's largest collection of decorative art and design). Other notable museums - the British Museum, the collection of which is about 7. 5 million pieces; London National Gallery, one of the most respected experts in the world of art museums, Tate (the world's largest collection of British art); Museum Madame Tussauds; Sherlock Holmes Museum. You can call the existing museum and royal residence Buckingham Palace, part of the premises which is open to visitors usually one month in the year (August-September). Also tours conducted by the Houses of Parliament, Tower of London, London Councils. In London, British Library is the national.

Theatres More articles Theatres in London Several large commercial theaters that specialize in staging musicals, comedies and dramas, located in the West End. There is even a special term West endskyy Theatre (Eng. West End theatre), used in England to describe entertaining commercial theaters of Broadway type. [25] From classic theater should mention the National Theater in the area of South Bank, a new theater "Globe" and Theatre at the royal court. Widely known in the world of classical music, London's Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, Royal Albert Hall, the Theater Elizabeth II.

Famous streets and squares Piccadilly Circus Piccadilly (street and square) - the economic center. Walls of buildings on the square curtained advertising. In the middle (but not at the geometric center) Piccadilly Circus is a fountain and the famous sculpture Anteros, popularly known as Eros. Trafalgar Square is dedicated to the defeat of the Spanish-French fleet in 1805. In the middle of the square is the monument in honor of Horatio Nelson, the admiral who commanded the British fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar. In Trafalgar Square is London National Gallery. Oxford Street - street stores. There are boutiques and shopping centers. Harley Street - a street in Westminster, who became famous as a street doctors - many doctors are still practice it is on this Harley Street. Famous Abbey Road recording studio of the same name, which made their recording many legendary musicians: Beatles, Pink Floyd, Manfred Mann and others. Beatles released the album in 1969 called "Abbey Road" (Eng. Abbey Road). Baker Street - the street on which the Sherlock Holmes Museum.

Churches The dominant religion in London - Christianity professes more than half its population. Therefore, most temples of the capital - Christian, mostly Anglican. Medieval churches barely survived - most were destroyed great fire in 1666. Have long been symbols of London, St. Paul's Cathedral, built in the early XVIII century and Westminster Abbey. These churches are maintained by the service Anglican rites. Not to be confused with Westminster Abbey Westminster Cathedral, the largest Catholic church in England. Sautvarkskyy Cathedral - Anglican Church of London's Sautvark, located just behind London Bridge. Status cathedral it received in 1905. Church of the Holy Eteldredy, built in the second half of the XIII century in honor of the Holy Eteldredy, is the oldest existing building in time the Catholic Church of England. In Regent's Park is Central London Mosque. Neasden Temple in Brent is one of the largest Hindu religious buildings in Europe.

Monuments of culture and architecture London has four World Heritage sites: the Tower, a historical village in Greenwich, the Royal Botanic Gardens and the Westminster area that includes Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey and St. Margarita. Architecture St. Paul's Cathedral, Architect Christopher Wren

Column Vice Admiral Nelson at Trafalgar Square London Architecture presented almost all styles from Norman to postmodernism. Many medieval buildings, however, have not survived, mainly because of the great fire in 1666 that destroyed more than 13, 000 houses and aviabombarduvannya during the Second World War. Norman architecture in England by William the Conqueror brought. With the Norman style buildings famous Tower of London, which began when William sporudzhuvatysya dobudovuvavsya and many other kings. Moreover, in the same style made in 1097 built Westminster Hall techniques.

Education and science In London, enrolled approximately 378 thousand. Students. University of London has 125 thousand. Students and is the largest in this indicator in the UK and Europe. It consists of 20 colleges and several smaller institutions, each of which is largely autonomous. Colleges have their own system of student enrollment, so is almost certain universities, although most graduates degrees it confers University of London. Among the colleges are multidisciplinary, such as the Royal Hollovey, Birkbeck, University College London, the college Ґoldsmit, Queen Mary College, as well as specialized, such as the London School of Economics, School of African and Oriental Studies, Royal Academy of Music, Art Institute Courtauld and the Institute of Education. Imperial College London and University College London are top ten universities in the world rated magazine "Times Higher Education". In 2008, Imperial College ranked 6 th, University College London - the seventh. London School of Economics - a leading institution in the field of teaching and learning social sciences. Besides its most international student community in the world. Royal College of Music, Royal College of Art and the School of Music and Drama Ґvindhol - examples of schools in the arts.

In London there are other universities: University of Brunel University City, the London metropolitan university Universtet Middlesex University of East London, University of London Art, University of Westminster, Kingston University and the University of London South Bank that are not part of the University of London, but there are leaders in their fields and are attracted students not only from Britain but around the world. Some of these universities have been Polytechnic Institute until received university status in 1992. Imperial College London resigned from the University of London in 2007. In London there also three international universities: Schiller International University, University of Richmond and Regent College.