Lobbying in China Political structure. Since 1948 China has been a one party government but not a one party state. There are 8 so called “democratic parties” in China which act together with Communist Party. The Communist Party runs the People’s Republic in a manner which can be described as authoritarian (according to US point of view) and socialist. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is in control of the government and that control is guaranteed by the constitution.
• Under the constitution, the power to run China’s economy, law-making process, governance and military rests with the Communist Party of China. Other parties do exist in China but they cannot be part of the government under the strictures of the constitution. In this sense China can accurately be described as a one-party state. • The National People’s Congress is the primary state body and the only legislative chamber in China. Its membership is largely decided by the CPC and the body now debates and determines outcomes – results of government’s activity.
• The NPC also takes the key decision on the appointment of the country’s political leadership. Both the president, who is head of state, and the vice president are elected by the NPC once every five years. To date this process has been determined by a single candidate election, reflecting the fact that the party’s high command essentially controls the line of succession. • The administrative central government of China is the State Council, which is appointed by the NPC. It is chaired by the Premier – rather than the president– and is comprised of a membership of around 50 administrative, departmental and agency heads.
• Like the other branches of state and government of China, the Communist Party effectively controls the country’s military – known constitutionally as the People’s Liberation Army. Command control is discharged by the Central Military Commission, whose leadership is elected by, the National People’s Congress. In essence, however, the CPC is in full control of the military in that the Central Military Commission of the party possesses and operates the real power.
Counteraction between government and people in China (according to Western point of view) • Moves to combat corruption, open up decision making through pre-legislative consultation are a clear sign that the Communist Party of China does not govern in a vacuum. But the hard-line tactics used to shut down the Tibet protests underline the fact that the right to free speech and self determination in China are not statesponsored entitlements (права) as they are in the West.
• Without wide scale democratic elections it is difficult to assess how the Chinese view their government. China acknowledges its global responsibilities as well as its responsibilities to its own people. The media and industry are also important in China. Influencing the media, industry and the government can be indivisible at times – so comprehensive strategies which encompass (заключать в себе) a wide range of groups can be powerful.
• One characteristic unique to China is the level of direct government links to industry and media. Therefore, in China, it is often necessary that a corporate strategy of PR is complemented by a strategy of government. For example, PR and government affairs merge (объединяться) in corporate social responsibility initiatives.
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Lecture_18_Lobbying_in_China.pptx