LIPIDS METABOLISM
Fats (Triglycerides)
Phospholipids
Sphingophospholipids sphingomyelin
Glycolipids galactosylceramide
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Bile acids
Human pancreatic lipase (activation by colipase) Colipase is colored in blue
DIGESTION OF FATS
DIGESTION OF FATS
Lipids resynthesis in cells of an intestinal wall epithelium β-monoglyceride pathway
α-glycerophosphate pathway
Formation of chylomicrons
Lipoprotein structure
Lipoproteins
Structure of lipoproteins of high and low dencity
Artery in the section
Lipemia
Lipase activation adipocyte Proteinkinase inactive АТP c. АМP Glucagon (adrenalin) Proteinkinase active ТАG-lipase inactive ТАG-lipase active blood Glycerol Fatty acids Oxidation in tissues
-Oxidation of fatty acids
Splitting of acyl carnitin in mitochondria
Dehydrogenation
Hydration
Dehydrogenation
Thiolase reaction
Propionyl-Co. A metabolism
Oxidadion of unsaturated fatty acids
The formation of ketone bodies 2 CH 3 -CO- SCо. А - HS-Cо. А CH 3 -CO-CH 2 -CO-S-Cо. А + CH 3 -CO-S-Cо. А -Н 2 О -HS-Cо. А HOOC-CH 2 -COH(CH 3)-CH 2 -CO-S-Cо. А - CH 3 -CO-S-Cо. А CH 3 -CO-CH 2 -COOH + NАDН + Н+ - CO 2 + - NАD CH 3 -CO-CH 3 -CHOH-CH 2 -COOH
The oxidation of ketone bodies acetoacetate succinyl-Co. A-transferase succinate acetoacetyl-Co. A thiolase + НS-Ко. А 2 acetyl-Co. A
Lipogenesis СО 2 + АТP + biotin-enzyme carboxybiotin-enzyme + АDP + Pi carboxybiotin-enzyme + СН 3 -СО-SКо. А НООС-СН 2 -СО-S-Ко. А + biotinmalonyl-Co. A enzyme
acetyl transacylase Acetyl Co. A + ACP Acetyl-ACP + HSCo. A malonyl transacylase Malonyl Co. A + ACP Malonyl-ACP + HSCo. A (ACP = acyl carrier protein)
Acyl malonil ACP (condensing enzyme) β-ketoacyl ACP reductasa β-hydroxyacyl ACP-dehydrase Enoil ACP reductasa
The formation of other fatty acids Palmitic acid 16: 0 desaturase Palmitooleic Acid 16: 1 (9) elongaza Stearic acid 18: 0 десатураза Oleic acid 18: 1(9)
Regulation of acetyl-Co. A carboxylase activity
Polyunsaturated fatty acids Linoleic acid (18: 2; 9, 12) Linolenic acid (18: 3; 9, 12, 15) Arachidonic acid (20: 5; 8, 11, 14)
Eicosanoids Arachidonic acid Leukotrienes Prostaglandins Thromboxanes
Splitting of phospholipids
The synthesis of acetylcholine Choline acetyltransferase acetylcholine
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