LIPID METABOLISM
Fats (Triacylglycerols)
Phospholipids
Sphingophospholipids sphingomyelin
Glycolipids galactosylceramide
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Bile acids
Human pancreatic lipase (activation by colipase) Colipase is colored in blue
DIGESTION OF FATS
DIGESTION OF FATS
Lipid resynthesis in cells of intestinal wall epithelium β-monoglyceride pathway
α-glycerophosphate pathway
Formation of chylomicrons
Lipoprotein structure
Structure of lipoproteins of high and low dencity
The section of the artery
Lipemia
adipocyte Proteinkinase inactive АТP c. АМP Tissue lipase activation Glucagon (adrenalin) Proteinkinase active ТАG-lipase inactive ТАG-lipase active blood Glycerol Fatty acids Oxidation in tissues
-Oxidation of fatty acids
Breakdown of acyl carnitin in mitochondria
Dehydrogenation
Hydration
Dehydrogenation
Thiolase reaction
Propionyl-Co. A metabolism
Oxidadion of unsaturated fatty acids
Synthesis of ketone bodies 2 CH 3 -CO- SCо. А - HS-Cо. А CH 3 -CO-CH 2 -CO-S-Cо. А + CH 3 -CO-S-Cо. А -Н 2 О -HS-Cо. А HOOC-CH 2 -COH(CH 3)-CH 2 -CO-S-Cо. А - CH 3 -CO-S-Cо. А CH 3 -CO-CH 2 -COOH + NАDН + Н+ - CO 2 + - NАD CH 3 -CO-CH 3 -CHOH-CH 2 -COOH
The oxidation of ketone bodies acetoacetate succinyl-Co. A-transferase succinate acetoacetyl-Co. A thiolase + НS-Ко. А 2 acetyl-Co. A
Lipogenesis СО 2 + АТP + biotin-enzyme carboxybiotin-enzyme + АDP + Pi carboxybiotin-enzyme + СН 3 -СО-SКо. А НООС-СН 2 -СО-S-Ко. А + biotinmalonyl-Co. A enzyme
acetyl transacylase Acetyl Co. A + ACP Acetyl-ACP + HSCo. A malonyl transacylase Malonyl Co. A + ACP Malonyl-ACP + HSCo. A (ACP = acyl carrier protein)
The formation of other fatty acids Palmitic acid 16: 0 desaturase Palmitoleic Acid 16: 1 (9) elongase Stearic acid 18: 0 desaturase Oleic acid 18: 1(9)
Regulation of acetyl-Co. A carboxylase activity
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