KAZAKH NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Atherosclerosis Student s name Sarkuzhayeva

KAZAKH NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Atherosclerosis Student’s name: Sarkuzhayeva Madina Faculty: G/M Group: 16 -1 Teacher: Mezgilbayeva Zere

Plan: q. What is atherosclerosis? q. What's going on? q. Prevention and treatment: a) Sound sleep b) The diet c) Vitamins d) Other drugs

What is atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system which is due to many causes.

What's going on? Atherosclerosis of the blood vessels results from metabolic disturbances and particularly from disturbances of cholesterol exchange. The cholesterol is deposited on the inner surface of blood vessels, forming plaques. This leads to a narrowing of the artery, and hence to the difficulty of blood flow.

Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis consist mainly of a certain regimen for the patient, which he must strictly follow. The patient must get up, eat, work and go to bed at exactly time every day.

Sound sleep is very important since it enables the nerve cells to rest. The patient with the signs of atherosclerosis must sleep not less than 7 -8 hours and walk before going to bed. Mental and physical overstrain must be excluded.

The diet of the patients with atherosclerosis must contain sufficient amount of proteins, but fats and carbohydrates must be taken in very limited doses.

carbohydrates

Vitamins are widly used in the treatment of atherosclerosis because some of them improve the metabolic processes and others dilate the vessels.

Other drugs administered in treating atherosclerosis are the so-called lipotropic substances, which prevent fat from accumulating in the organism. The patients with atherosclerosis are prescribed such drugs as bromide and valerian to improve its general condition.

Atherosclerosis of the lower extremities Atherosclerosis of the brain (insult)

AETIOLOGY The factors promoting emergence of atherosclerosis, are studied not up to the end. From them main are: 1. frequent and long stresses 2. abuse of fat food 3. endocrine diseases 4. diabetes 5. hypothyroidism 6. cholelithiasis

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. As major factors of risk of development of atherosclerosis are considered: arterial hypertension increase of viscosity of blood coagulability of blood dislipoproteinemiya smoking, obesity, genetic predisposition to premature atherosclerosis, hypodynamia, the age is more senior than 40 years.

Risk Factors • Uncontrollable Controllable • Sex • High blood pressure • Hereditary • High blood cholesterol • Age • Smoking • Physical activity • Obesity • Diabetes • Stress and anger

PATOGENEZ The set of factors takes part in the mechanism of development of atherosclerosis, two main hypotheses are Most popular: 1. the lipidic 2. endotelialny

Lipidic hypothesis increase of level of plasma lipoproteins of the low density rich with cholesterol that promotes arrival of the last in a vascular wall.

Endotelialny hypothesis • The Endotelialny hypothesis as primary factor considers damage of an endotelialny layer of vessels which starts the whole cascade of cellular and immunological reactions. They, in turn, lead to formation of a fibrous plaque in a damage place.

Treatment. First of all treatments has to be: • normalization of a cholesteric exchange • The diet of patients with atherosclerosis has to be low -calorie. Reduction by means of decrease in food of fats of an animal origin, inclusion in a diet of fats of a phytogenesis, vegetables, fruit, vitamins etc. • To influence synthesis of cholesterol and violation of a fatty exchange probably with the help the lipidonormalizuyushchikh of preparations. Are for this purpose used холестирамин, колестипол, квестран, operating only at the level of intestines; derivatives of nicotinic acid (ниацин, эндурацин), reducing level of the general cholesterol, triglycerides and raising level of lipoproteins of high density; • At heredo-familial forms of a giperlipidemiya the plasma exchange, immunosorption, coal sorbents are applied.

Thank you for attention!