Junior Middle school USA • Historically,

Junior Middle school US

• Historically, in the United States, local public control (and private alternatives) have allowed for some variation in the organization of schools. Elementary school includes kindergarten through fourth grade, fifth grade, or sixth grade. Basic subjects are taught in elementary school, and students often remain in one classroom throughout the school day, except for physical education, library, music, and art classes.

Middle school • There were in 2001 about 3. 6 million children in each grade in the United States. Typically, «middle school» is 6 th through 8 th grade, though in some schools, it starts in 7 th or 5 th. The «junior high school» concept was introduced in 1909, in Columbus, Ohio. In the late 19 th century and early 20 th century most American elementary schools had grades 1 through 8. As time passed, the junior high school concept increased quickly as systems modernized buildings and curriculum. This expansion continued through the 1960 s.

Middle school • «Junior high» usually includes only seventh, eighth, and sometimes ninth grades. The range defined by either is often based on demographic factors, such as an increase or decrease in the relative numbers of younger or older students, with the aim of maintaining stable school populations. At this time, students are given more independence, moving to different classrooms for different subjects, and being allowed to choose some of their class subjects (electives). Usually, starting in ninth grade, grades become part of a student’s official transcript.

• Junior high schools were created to «bridging the gap between the elementary and the high school, » an emphasis credited to Charles W. Eliot. The faculty is organized into academic departments that operate more or less independently of one another.