Human reproductive system HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Human reproductive system

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • HUMAN HAS TWO SEXES, MALE AND FEMALE • THE GAMETES ARE PRODUCED IN GONADS • MALE GONAD IS CALLED TESTES • FEMALE GONAD IS CALLED

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • Gametes are reproductive cells • Sperm and egg cells are called gametes • Sperm cell is male reproductive cell • Egg or ova is female reproductive cell

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The male reproductive system includes • A pair of testes • Epididymis • Vas deferens • Urethra Additional organs are: - Seminal vesicle - Cowper’s gland - Prostate gland

Male Reproductive System vas deferens (sperm duct) epididymis testis

ACCESSORY ORGANS • These organs produce secretions that assist the movement of sperm • Seminal vesicle • Cowper’s gland • Prostate gland

• Testes are male gonads of human • They are found within a pouch of skin known as the scrotum • Each testis contains seminiferous tubules, epididymis and vas deferans

Testis and epididymis vas deferens (sperm duct) seminiferous tubules

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES • Each testes consists of small coiled tubes which are called seminiferous tubules • Immature (незрелые) sperms are produced in seminiferous tubules by meiotic cell division

EPIDIDYMIS • After formation of sperms in seminiferous tubules sperms pass to epididymis • Epididymis is a storage area of testis • Immature sperms remain in the epididymis until they are mature • After maturation (созревание) they leave from the epididymis through the vas deferens • After how sperms matture they live body through vas deferens with seminal fluid •

URETHRA • Urethra is a passageway for the elimination of urine • As sperm enter the urethra, the seminal vesicle, Cowper’s glands, and prostate gland all secrete fluids into the urethra • The mixture of these fluids and the sperm are called semen

Functions of Seminal Fluid • To provide a medium for the sperms to swim • To activate and nourish the sperms • To neutralize the acidity in the female reproductive tract

Male Reproductive System secrete seminal fluid seminal vesicle prostate gland Cowper’s gland

SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS IN MALE • Testes secretes testosterone • Testosterone initiates secondary sexual characters in males

SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN MALE • Growth of hair on the body • The change in tone of the voice • Expression of male sexual behavior • Development of prostate gland seminiferous tubules

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Female reproductive system includes • Ovary • Fallopian tube(Oviduct) • Uterus (матка) • Vagina

Female Reproductive System Fallopian tube ovary uterus cervix vagina

OVARY • Ovary is female gonads • Females have two ovaries • Each ovaries contains about 200. 000 egg • They produce eggs and also secrete female sex hormone estrogen

OVULATION When an egg matures, the follicle surrounding it ruptures, or bursts, and the egg is released at the surface of the ovary This process is called OVULATION

FALLOPIA N TUBE Oviduct or fallopian tube is located near the ovary but not connected to it. Egg is moved by ciliated cells which are found in lining the fallopian tube.

FERTILIZATION (оплодотворение) • If sperm are present in the oviduct, the egg may be fertilized. If egg is fertilized by sperm to form zygote. • Zygote completes its development in the uterus.

SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN FEMALE • Ovaries secretes estrogen hormone • Estrogen initiates secondary sexual characters in females.

SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN FEMALE • Development of the gonads • Widening of pelvis • Formation of breasts