History of Project Management Prof. Bushuyev S. 1
Ancient History • Examples: – The Great Pyramids of Giza (2, 550 B. C. ) – The Great Wall of China (221 B. C. - 206 B. C. ) • • Exceptional planning Coordination Allocation Hundreds of thousands of workers – Paid and Slave labor. 2
Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2, 550 B. C. ) and the Great Wall of China (221 B. C. - 206 B. C. ) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers – Paid and Slave labor. 3
Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2, 550 B. C. ) and the Great Wall of China (221 B. C. - 206 B. C. ) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers – Paid and Slave labor. 4
Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2, 550 B. C. ) and the Great Wall of China (221 B. C. - 206 B. C. ) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers – Paid and Slave labor. 5
Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2, 550 B. C. ) and the Great Wall of China (221 B. C. - 206 B. C. ) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers – Paid and Slave labor. 6
Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: – Managing resources – Maintaining a schedule – Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice – No evidence that they used optimal scheduling 7
Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: – Managing resources – Maintaining a schedule – Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice – No evidence that they used optimal scheduling 8
Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: – Managing resources – Maintaining a schedule – Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice – No evidence that they used optimal scheduling 9
Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: – Managing resources – Maintaining a schedule – Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice – No evidence that they used optimal scheduling 10
Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: – Managing resources – Maintaining a schedule – Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice – No evidence that they used optimal scheduling 11
Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: – Managing resources – Maintaining a schedule – Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice – No evidence that they used optimal scheduling 12
Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: – Managing resources – Maintaining a schedule – Coordinating different groups Project Management was not really the same • All are used in today’s modern project management practice – No evidence that they used optimal scheduling 13
The Early Years: Late 19 th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects caused large scale management decisions. • Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad 14
The Early Years: Late 19 th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects – Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad 15
The Early Years: Late 19 th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects – Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad 16
The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • First large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA 17
The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA 18
The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act – Railway – Telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA 19
The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA 20
The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land – Union Pacific – Central Pacific 21
The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad 22 Source: Wikipedia: Theodore Judah http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Theodore_Judah
The Early Years: Late 19 th Century • Mid-19 th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly 23
The Early Years: Late 19 th Century • Mid-19 th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly Coffee break before and now 24
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management – Construction – Engineering – Defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management • Known for planning and control techniques • “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule. 25
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management – Known for planning and control techniques – “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule. Source Gantt Charts at http: //www. ganttchart. com/Evolution. html 26
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management – Known for planning and control techniques – “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule. Source Gantt Charts at http: //www. ganttchart. com/Evolution. html 27
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Gantt chart 28 Source Gantt Charts at http: //www. ganttchart. com/Evolution. html
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Gantt chart 29 Source Gantt Charts at http: //www. ganttchart. com/Evolution. html
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Gantt chart 30 Source Gantt Charts at http: //www. ganttchart. com/Evolution. html
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Gantt chart 31 Source Gantt Charts at http: //www. ganttchart. com/Evolution. html
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Frederic Taylor • Work breakdown • Piecemeal work 32 Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
Modern Project Management 1900 -1950 – Frederic Taylor 33 Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management 34
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management 35
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management 36
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT – Analyzes the tasks – Identifies minimum amount of time 37
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT Edwin Booz • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT • Analyzes the tasks • Identifies minimum amount of time Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920 -1939 http: //www. agcon. com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en. html 38
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT Edwin Booz – Analyzes the tasks – Identifies minimum amount of time Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920 -1939 http: //www. agcon. com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en. html 39
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT 40 Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Image%3 APert_chart_colored. gif
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT 41 Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Image%3 APert_chart_colored. gif
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: – List of all activities required for project – Length of time for each activity – Dependencies between the activities. 42
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: – List of all activities required for project – Length of time for each activity – Dependencies between the activities. 43
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram – List of all activities required for project – Length of time for each activity – Dependencies between the activities. 44
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram – List of all activities required for project – Length of time for each activity – Dependencies between the activities. 45
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram – List of all activities required for project – Length of time for each activity – Dependencies among the activities 46
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: – List of all activities required for project – Length of time for each activity – Dependencies among the activities 47
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • CPM diagram of a construction project 48
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Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM w rro nce a ed que sh e da he s vity. e Th tes t acti h a dic r eac in fo 51
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Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM Critical Path Method allowed the selection of a path that would minimize the time to end of the project. This allowed project managers, for the first time, to optimize the sequence of scheduling project tasks 56
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM A lot of misunderstanding 57
This lecture continues in a separate set of slides Part two of this lecture focuses on recent history of project management 58
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