FRANCE Poluhina 11 -G Literature

FRANCE Poluhina 11 -G

Literature

One of the best works of Victor Hugo (1802 -1885 g. ) — The novel Notre Dame, , . The life depicted in the novel, full of social contrasts and conflicts. Hugo strongly against the usurpation of power of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. These events dedicated his book «History of a crime. » During a forced 19 -year exile he wrote the novel «Les Miserables», «Toilers of the Sea», «The man who laughs»

Widely known novels Stendelya (1783 — 1842 rr. ) «Red and Black», «abode of Parma» and others. The author has created a vibrant and independent character, enemy of injustice contemporary world.

Honore de Balzac (1799 -1850 rr. ) Set itself the ambitious task — to depict the history of the French society of the first French Revolution to the mid-nineteenth century. This work was called «The Human Comedy. » The writer gave all their strength this titanic work — he managed to write 90 novels and short stories.

French writer Emile Zola (1840 -1902 biennium. ) Dreams of literature to draw means a comprehensive panorama of the history of France. By a series of «Rougon-Maccari. The natural and social history of a family in the days of the Second Empire «included 20 novels united by the idea of opening the dynamics of individual, family, social groups in society and the society in history.

Visual Arts of France

Creativity Eugene Delacroix (1798 — 1863 years. ) Permeated the dream of human freedom and protest against oppression and violence (, , painting Liberty Leading the People, , ) Delacroix considered the creator of historical painting of modern times. The best of historical kartyn-, , Introduction Crusaders in Constantinople, , .

The starting point of Impressionism in France was the work of Edward Manet. His painting «Breakfast on the Grass» and «Olympia» became the event and influenced the formation of the future Impressionists, but the artist did not officially joined the movement. A year before his death in 1882 he wrote one of the most accomplished of his paintings — «Bar Folies Bergère. «

As the ensemble of artists who defend common goals in art, impressionism announced himself in 1874 when a group of young artists held an exhibition of his paintings in a Paris photo studio. Group included Claude Monet, Oґyusta Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot. The name at the exhibition landscape Claude Monet’s «Impression. Sunrise «gave the name of creative artists. «Impression, sunrise (fr. Impression, soleil levant)»

Vincent Willem van Gogh — postimpresionist. U 1885 Van Gogh paint finishes «Potato Eaters» often referred to as his first masterpiece. Above this painting Vincent worked all April, making many sketches to the final version, written in oil on canvas. The painting shows a family of farmers who potato supper by the light of lamps.

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and a population in 2013 of 2, 229, 621 within its administrative limits.

Paris was founded in the 3 rd century BC by a Celtic people called the Parisii, who gave the city its name. By the 12 th century, it was the largest city in the western world, a prosperous trading centre, and the home of the University of Paris, one of the oldest universities in history. By the 17 th century Paris was one of Europe’s major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today.

Among Paris’s important museums and cultural institutions are the most-visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d’Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d’Art Moderne in the Pompidou Centre, the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The central area of the city along the Seine River is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site, and includes many notable monuments, including Notre Dame Cathedral (12 th century to 13 th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13 th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); the Grand Palais and Petit Palais (1900); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur in Montmartre (1914). In 2015 Paris received 22. 2 million visitors, making it one of the world’s top tourist destinations, and is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. Most of France’s major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris, as are France’s major newspapers, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, and Libération.