Ford brand history Ford Motor Ford Motor

Ford brand history

"Ford Motor" (Ford Motor Company), the American automobile company specializing on release of cars of the Ford brands. The company was founded by Henry Ford in 1903 and according to the founder at once intended for release of the mass cheap car. The A model was originally such, in 1908 it was replaced by the T model christened by caricaturists of "tin Lizzie". Success of new model were it is so great that Ford's constantly extending enterprises didn't cope with orders. In the first year of production of this model 10 660 cars that broke all records in automotive industry of that time were sold.

In "Ford Motor" in 1913 for the first time in the world on production the method of standardization of interchangeable parts of products and conveyor technology of assembly of avatars was entered tomobily that allowed to lift in only one year labor productivity for 40 -60%. At the same time and the salary of workers and employees increased so that exceeded average on the industry twice. At the enterprises the eight-hour working day is entered. To the middle 1914 500 thousand T models were made, to 1923 every second car in America became at plants "Ford Motor".

In the 1920 -1930 th years "Ford Motor" actively opens offices in many countries of the world, including cooperates with the Soviet Russia (creation of the GAZ, AMO plants). Though Henry Ford disapproved of October revolution sharply, nevertheless he considered that Russia has a big future if it follows a way of industrial development.

In 1922 "Ford Motor" got the Lincoln company which management was entrusted to Edsel Ford. Authoritative management style of the senior Ford becomes a favourite target of the left press, Ford's refusal to suffer labor unions at the enterprises causes campaign of the real persecution. At the same time Americans by the end of the 1920 th years were tired of the monotonous T model. Forward competitors from "General Motors" escape, "Ford Motor" answers with the Ford A model which popularity nevertheless lags behind "Chevrolet" and "Buicks".

The great depression 1929 sharply reduces car sales. Twice the salary falls. In 1932 beginning of mass production of Vshaped 8 -cylinder engines. Ford Motor Company becomes the first company which managed to release the monolithic eight-cylinder block. Will pass as early as many years while Ford's competitors will be able to start reliable V-8 engines in mass production. Meanwhile, the Ford car and its reliable engine became favourites of practical Americans. The assembly plant in Cologne opened.

After short board of old man Ford (Edsel died in 1943) in 1945 the power passed to Henry Ford-second who has inhaled new life in the company. Ford Jr. will reorganize system of a set of the personnel, applies to development of strategy of firm known to it from war methods of "brain storm", having invited group of systems analysts. In 1949 of Ford Motor Company sells about 807 000 cars, having increased the profit from 94 million (for previous year) to 177 million dollars and having reached the highest sales volume from 1929. The post-war program of reorganization of Henry Ford II allowed to restore company health quickly. Result was construction of 44 production plants, 18 assembly plants, 32 warehouses of the spare parts, two huge proving grounds and 13 engineering and research laboratories in the USA.

Start of series of the Tanderberd models (Thunderbird) in 1955 and the "Mustang" (Mustang), become nowadays classical, strengthened a financial position "Ford Motor". Attractive 4 -seater Mustang of 1965 became the favourite of America. In the first 100 days 100 000 of these cars were sold. The general sales in a year made 418 812 cars that brought the companies 1 billion dollars of profit.

In 1968 the first 1, 6 -liter Escort Twin Cam model began the sports career, having successfully opened a season and having won on ring arrival Ireland, the Danish Tulip, the Austrian Alps, the Acropolis and Rally of Scotland within eight weeks. By the end of the first season of Escort won the well-known Rally of 1000 lakes in Finland that helped Ford to take strong positions in the World rally championship new а. Vтомобилей. Introduction of system of electronic control by car speed. Models with a design of Twin Cam Escort continued to win worldwide in 1969 and 1970.

The West European Ford Taunus/Cortina model is very widespread in the 1970 -1980 th years. Production of family of station wagons (Kombi) of Ford Taunus/Cortina began in 1970 (in Germany models under the name Taunus, existed from the 63 rd). The car made practically at all European plants Fords of that time, and the name Cortina appropriated to the English version with "the right wheel". In January, 1976 the Taunus/Cortina model of the second generation significantly processed on design went to production.

Since 1976 from the beginning of release of the kapotny passenger-and-freight Ford Econoline E-series models of new generation started applying elements of a running gear, engines and the transmission, similar to SUVs and series F pickups. In 1992 to the market brought new scale of comfortable 7 -, 8 -, 12 -and 15 seater all-metal minibuses and four-door vans with a body. The Fiesta family exists over 20 years - the first generation appeared in 1976. The course of life of models of the present generation, begun on the Geneva motor show-89, approaches a decline. In 11 years the Fiesta family twice (in 1995 and 1999) was exposed to serious restyling thanks to what and to this day remains quite modern.

Crown Victoria one of models popular in the USA (in police, a taxi, hire, in the secondary market). Production in Canada. The debut of model took place in 1978. The new generation of the car left in December, 1990. Appearance updating - 1998. The full-size Vgonso station wagon of 1980 represented the all-wheel drive pickup with the truncated base. Passability turned out quite high therefore the model long remained popular (in particular, on Alaska), even after emergence of more modern models. Vgopso became in the first half of the 1990 th one of leaders in the Russian market among second-hand cars of this kind. In the 1990 th on change to Vgopso's models on the conveyor delivered more practical five-door Ford Explorer station wagons.

Ford Escort is issued in the USA and Europe, and also in Argentina in three options of a body: five-seater sedan, five-door versatile person and ZX 2 compartment. Generation of frontwheel European Fords Escort (Mod. 80) with a cross arrangement of the engine it was presented in August, 1980. Production of the American Ford Escort and Mercury Lynx proceeded till summer of 1990. To them the models developed on a platform Japanese Mazda 323 came to change. In January 1995 the design of the car was improved, there was version 4 х4 with the engine of 1, 6 l (in 1997 release of model 4 х4 is stopped). In 1998 the cabriolet was presented. In September, 1982 on sale there were models of rear-wheel family Sierra with five-door bodies a hatchback and the station wagon (Kombi), and the beginning of production of three-door all -wheel drive model (XR 4 x 4) with the 2, 8 -liter V 6 engine was postponed until September of the 1983 rd.

In November 1986 th start of version 4 х4 Ford Scorpio. At the very end of 1991 the presentation of the capacious Scorpio Turnir station wagon took place. In the summer the 1998 th production Scorpio stopped, and the European office of Ford decided to make a leader of firm the Mondeo model. From the middle of the 1980 th years "Taurus" (Taurus) is issued. This model was called the Car of 1986, and in 1987 it became the best-seller in America. Streamline cars of futuristic design with the beautiful names Taurus and Sable, became the main milestone on a way of transition of the Ford company to production of new generation of cars of the 80 th years - economic (in full accordance with the standards established by the congress), hi-tech and esthetically perfect.

Same year purchase of 75% of actions of Aston Martin-Lagonda firm took place. Yaguar company purchase in 1990 even more increases scale of fordovsky models, on comfort nothing reminding of "tin Lizzie", and in a year for release of the multi-purpose Ford Galaxy car the joint venture with the German corporation Volkswagen is created. The company is open for innovations and changes; it is interesting that "Ford Motor", the pioneer in the conveyor introduction, the first among large corporations and refused it as modern workers with bigger return do work in which there is an element of independent creativity. Ford Explorer debuting in January of 1990 th, on dimensions is between the competing Blazer and Tahoe models and for many years is the most sold among all SUV'ов in the North American market (approximately on 400 thousand a year). Debut of new generation of Explorer in 2001 model year.

In 1993 the Ford Mondeo model which established at once new standards of safety in the class was published. Next year this car was recognized as the Car of year in Europe and became the favourite among buyers. For 1994 the minibus Windstar became new also. Same year purchase of the remained shares of the company of Aston Martin-Lagonda took place. Ford Windstar was shown for the first time in January 1994. In 1998 the model underwent restyling. Is issued in Canada. The first display of the Ford EUROPE Galaxy model took place in February 1995 in Geneva. On the Geneva car showroom 2000 the modernized model with the updated design was presented. In 1996 the 250 -million car descended from the conveyor of the company. Ka model realization began.

Ford EUROPE Puma, the sporty coupe of a small class created on the basis of Ford Fiesta, was presented for the first time on the Geneva motor show in March 1997. FORD Focus, by long tradition bearing the name Turnier. The European premiere of the car with a body a hatchback took place at the beginning of 1998 in Geneva. In 1998 of Ford Motor Company becomes the world's 2 nd producer automobile and trucks on a total indicator. In 2000 the international jury from 126 automobile journalists, having summed up the unprecedented competition "Car of the Century" ("The car of an eyelid"), chose "Car of all times and the people" legendary Ford T. Tin Lizzie ("Lizzie's Can") became the first car which assembly was adjusted on the conveyor in mass scales. The new method allowed to begin business lot production of cars, to improve their quality and sharply to reduce prime cost. Conveyor assembly made the car a vehicle available to all. And the fordovsky model stood the first among really serial cars.

The compact Ford Escape SUV was presented for the first time as a prototype in January, 2000 in Detroit. Development was conducted together with Mazda. Production of cars is conducted at plant in Kansas City. Ford EUROPE Maverick, compact all-wheel drive SUV, European analog of Ford Escape. Since 2000 is issued together with Mazda firm on the basis of Mazda Tribute. New Ford Maverick combines signs of the SUV and the highway car.

2001 - the company represents essentially new Ford Mondeo model. Its emergence can be considered as a revolutionary event. This car developed by the European office of Ford Motor Company, was created on the basis of essentially new design technologies. Essence of this technical revolution - in the powerful software product which has received the name SZR which represents a complex of systems of the computer design, the automated design and an extensive information database.

Today Ford Motor Company have production, assembly and shopping centers in 30 countries of the world. The company annually makes million cars, trucks and tractors and is the leader of automobile sales outside North America. Ford Motor Company sells more than 70 various models of cars worldwide, made under the Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Jaguar and Aston Martin brands. The company has also a share of actions in Mazda Motor Corporation and Kia Motors n. Corporatio In "the big three" American automobile business "Ford Motor" takes an honourable second place on sales volumes.