Environmental Governance in Europe Prof Dr Kohout

Environmental Governance in Europe Prof. Dr. Kohout

EU as a global environmental actor • Population: over 500 million • International trade: 18, 5 % ratio • Industrial leadership • Environmental technical capacities • EU as a “party” in international law Prof. Dr. Kohout

EU as a global environmental actor • Legal basis – Art. 3 (3): … to install a high level of environmental quality – Art. 3 (5): … to secure global sustainable developement – Through: Common Foreign and Security Policy Prof. Dr. Kohout

EU as a global environmental actor • Regional agreements: – International Rhine Commission (1963) (EU, Switzerland, Lichtenstein) – Baltic Sea Commission (1974) – Common fishery policy as an example Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Governance • Concept of sovereignty – Self determination – No external interventions – Territorial integrity – Equality between states Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Governance • Environmental challenges to sovereignty: – Transboundery air pollution – Climate change – Up-river-down-river locations – Maritime streams – Chernobyl example Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Governance • Governing instruments – Treaties, regimes – Funding, education – Global Heritage of Mankind – Dept for nature swap – Global emission trading – Agenda 21 program – Logo / labeling (fsc, bio) Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Governance • Actors – Nation States – Regional organizations – International organizations • UNEP • UN ICLEI • Global Environmental Facility Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Actors • Actors: • FAO • World Bank • IWF • WTO Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Actors • Civil Society Actors – Greenpeace – WWF – Friends of the Earth – Business organizations Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Actors • Issues – Desertification – Deforestration – Climate Change – Biodiversity – Nuclear risk – Maritime destruction / overfishing Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Governance • Treaties, Regimes, Agreements – Non Proliferation Treaty (1969) – International Whaling Commission (1946) – Montreal Protocol (1987) – Kyoto Protocol (1997) Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Governance • Main obstacles – Underdevelopment – Overdevelopment – National egoism – Interior links – Geographical patterns – Ecological justice – Ecological footprint Prof. Dr. Kohout

Global environmental Governance • Institutional Reform – More money needed – Lack of economical instruments (to give nature a prize) – Incorporation of environmental concerns within other areas – More coordination between developing strategies Prof. Dr. Kohout