Dialects - English Social Dialects 마스터 부제목 스타일 편집
CONTENTS 1 Introduction to Dialects 2 Social Dialects vs. Regional Dialects 3 Examples of Social Dialects in England 4 The Background of English Social Dialects 5 The significance of Social Dialect Studies
What is a Dialect? A variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers • • A dialect is very different from accent • Standard English Dialects can be divided into two types : Regional and Social. •
Social Dialects vs. Regional Dialects SOCIAL DIALECTS REGIONAL DIALECTS Difference in use of language due to social class discrepancies Difference in use of language due to geographical discrepancies Social Barriers Geographical Barriers Distance is not an important factor Distance is an important factor The distinction is not clear-cut The distinction is clear-cut Can be easily influenced by external factors Not easily influenced by external factors
Examples of Social Dialects in England (1) Words that initiate with ‘h’ Two types of pronunciation for ‘h’ in words such as ‘house’ – [h] or Ø The rate of ‘h’ omission in world initials increase as we go lower in social class < Comparison between social class and the rate of ‘h’ omission> Social Class Rate of ‘h’ omission 1 17 2 21 3 43 4 64 5 96
(2) ‘r’ that comes behind a vowel Two types of pronunciations in ‘r’ in worlds such as ‘ca r’ or ‘cart’ – [r] or Ø People of high social class have the tendency to omit the sound ‘r’ behind a vowel < The realization of [r] in words > Social Class Reading 1 0 2 28 3 44 4 49
(3) Suffix ‘-ing’ Two types of pronunciation in ‘-ing’ in words such as ‘swimming’ and ‘sleeping’ – [in] or [iŋ] Higher social classes use more [in] compared to [iŋ] < Use of pronunciation [iŋ] for suffix ‘-ing’> Social Class Norwich West Yorkshire 1 31 5 2 41 34 3 91 61 4 100 83
The Background of English Social Dialects (1) Prefix ‘h’ • ‘h’ in Old English • The evolution of sound ‘h’ after the Norman Conquest • ‘h’ pronounciation in Early Modern English • ‘h’ during the 18 th century Example Charles Dickens’ – Great Expectations (1860) Joe : Old orlick he’s been a bustin’ open a dwelling-ouse Pip : Whose? Joe : Not, I grant you, but what his manners is given to blusterous, still an Englishman’s ‘ouse is his castle, and castles must not be busted ‘cept when done in war time. And wotsume’er the failing on his part, he were a corn and seedman in his heart Pip : Is it Pumblechook’s house that has been broken into then?
(2) ‘r’ that comes behind a vowel People of high social class have a tendency to omit r behind a vowel • Example Chales Dickens – Great Expectations (1860) Pip : Yes, Joe. I tell you, I heard her. Joe : Which I meantersay, Pip, it might be that her meaning were.
(3) Suffix ‘-ing’ • Use of ‘-ing’ from Old English to 18 th Century Example Swift -Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift (1731) He labour’d many a fruitless hour To reconcile his Friends in Power; Saw Mischeif by a Faction brewing While they persu’d each others Ruin. • ‘-ing’ since 18 th Century Example Charles Dickens – Great Expectation (1860) Joe : Old orlick he’s been a bustin’ open a dwellingouse Pip : Whose?
The significance of Social Dialect Studies Time • Environment • Historical background • Social background • Understanding the past • Understanding literature •
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social dialects abridged.ppt