{Contact Languages Ivanov Diana { A contact

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{Contact Languages Ivanov Diana {Contact Languages Ivanov Diana

{ A contact language isa marginallanguage(atype of linguafranca )usedfor purposesofbasic communicationbypeople withnocommonlanguage. { A contact language isa marginallanguage(atype of linguafranca )usedfor purposesofbasic communicationbypeople withnocommonlanguage.

{ A lingua franca alsoknownas a bridge language , common language , trade language{ A lingua franca alsoknownas a bridge language , common language , trade language or vehicular language , isa languageordialectsystematically usedtomakecommunicationpossible betweenpeoplewhodonotsharea nativelanguageordialect, particularly whenitisathirdlanguagethatis distinctfrombothnativelanguages.

{ Lingua franca havedevelopedaround theworldthroughouthumanhistory, sometimesforcommercialreasonsbut alsoforcultural, religious, diplomatic andadministrativeconvenience, and asameansofexchanginginformation betweenscientistsandotherscholars ofdifferentnationalities.{ Lingua franca havedevelopedaround theworldthroughouthumanhistory, sometimesforcommercialreasonsbut alsoforcultural, religious, diplomatic andadministrativeconvenience, and asameansofexchanginginformation betweenscientistsandotherscholars ofdifferentnationalities.

{ • Theuseof lingua franca hasexistedsince antiquity. Latinand. Koine Greekwere the lingua francas ofthe.{ • Theuseof lingua franca hasexistedsince antiquity. Latinand. Koine Greekwere the lingua francas ofthe. Roman. Empire andthe. Hellenisticculture. • Themostobviousexampleasoftheearly 21 stcenturyis. English. Theterm English as a lingua franca ( ELF )referstotheteaching, learning, anduseofthe. English. Languageas acommonmeansofcommunicationfor speakersofdifferentnativelanguages.

{ Pidginsaresimplifiedlanguages thatoccurfromtwoormore languages. Theyaredevelopedby peoplewhodonothaveacommon languagetocommunicateinthe samegeographicalarea. { Pidginsaresimplifiedlanguages thatoccurfromtwoormore languages. Theyaredevelopedby peoplewhodonothaveacommon languagetocommunicateinthe samegeographicalarea.

{ Accordingto. Wardhaugh, apidginis nobody’sfirstlanguage/mother tongue, itdoesn’thaveanynative speakers, itisjustusedasacontact languageforcommunication purposes. { Accordingto. Wardhaugh, apidginis nobody’sfirstlanguage/mother tongue, itdoesn’thaveanynative speakers, itisjustusedasacontact languageforcommunication purposes.

{ Sometimesthepeopleusetheexpression ‘reducedvarietyofanormallanguage’. Inotherwords, itisthestandardlanguage butwithareducedorsimplifiedgrammar structure, vocabulary, orphonological variation. Sawantcallspidginshybridlanguages becauseofthecombinationofdifferent languageswhichformthem. { Sometimesthepeopleusetheexpression ‘reducedvarietyofanormallanguage’. Inotherwords, itisthestandardlanguage butwithareducedorsimplifiedgrammar structure, vocabulary, orphonological variation. Sawantcallspidginshybridlanguages becauseofthecombinationofdifferent languageswhichformthem.

{ Averycommonpidginizedvarietyof languageisthe. Nigerian. Pidgin. English whichisreferredtoasbad. English becausethepeoplelearnthisvariety withoutpayingattentiontoaccuracy. Example: Theyusethe words” e”Ṣ{ Averycommonpidginizedvarietyof languageisthe. Nigerian. Pidgin. English whichisreferredtoasbad. English becausethepeoplelearnthisvariety withoutpayingattentiontoaccuracy. Example: Theyusethe words” e”Ṣ and” Abi” whenspeaking Pidgin. Theyareoftenusedatthestartor endofanintonatedsentenceorquestion: «Youarecoming, right? «becomes” e Ṣ you dey come? ” or” You dey come abi? ”

{ REASONSFORPIDGINSTOARISE:  • thepeopledonothaveacommonlanguage tocommunicate, thereforetheneedfor communicationleadsthemtocreatea pidgin.  • colonization, mostpidginswerecreated from.{ REASONSFORPIDGINSTOARISE: • thepeopledonothaveacommonlanguage tocommunicate, thereforetheneedfor communicationleadsthemtocreatea pidgin. • colonization, mostpidginswerecreated from. French, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and. Dutchbecauseoftheirpoweron colonies.

{ Creoles Pidginscanturnintocreoleswhentheyhave beenusedforalongtime. Asaresultofbeing usedforalongtimethestructurestartstoevolve andbecomemorecomplex. Childrenwhoare borntoanareawhereapidginisused, acquireit astheirfirstlanguage, inthiscasethepidgin becomesacreole. { Creoles Pidginscanturnintocreoleswhentheyhave beenusedforalongtime. Asaresultofbeing usedforalongtimethestructurestartstoevolve andbecomemorecomplex. Childrenwhoare borntoanareawhereapidginisused, acquireit astheirfirstlanguage, inthiscasethepidgin becomesacreole. Anexampleforsuchacaseis. Tok. Pisinwhich wasacreolein. Papua. New. Guineaand afterwardsbecamea. National. Languagewhen childrenstartedtoacquireitastheirfirst languages.

{ Anexampleisthefactthatthelanguage of. Haitiisacreole. Almostall. Haitians useitanditistheirnativelanguage. This creoleisanativelanguagethrough standard. Frenchandhasevolvedthrough pidginized. French. Thevocabularyis.{ Anexampleisthefactthatthelanguage of. Haitiisacreole. Almostall. Haitians useitanditistheirnativelanguage. This creoleisanativelanguagethrough standard. Frenchandhasevolvedthrough pidginized. French. Thevocabularyis. Frenchbutthe phonologyandsyntaxaredifferentfrom standard. French. Thegrammatical structureisdifferentfrom. Frenchanditis similarto. Creole. Portuguese, Creole Spanish, and. Creole. English. So, creolists rejectcallingitadialectof. French.

{ S imilaritiesbetween. Pidginsand. Creoles: 1. Wardhaughindicatesthatpidginsorcreoles bothhaveawellorganizedlinguisticsystem. So, evenifthevocabularyisborrowedfrom anativelanguageonestillhastolearnitnot justsimplifyanduseit; 2. Therearefewersoundsandtheir{ S imilaritiesbetween. Pidginsand. Creoles: 1. Wardhaughindicatesthatpidginsorcreoles bothhaveawellorganizedlinguisticsystem. So, evenifthevocabularyisborrowedfrom anativelanguageonestillhastolearnitnot justsimplifyanduseit; 2. Therearefewersoundsandtheir arrangementsarelesscomplicatedthanthose ofastandardlanguage;

{ THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCREOLES ANDPIDGINS • . pidginizationoccursveryquickly, almost overanightbutcreolizationtakes approximatelytwogenerationstoform;  • creolesaremostlyrelatedtoadominant languagesoacreolecontinuumcanarise. For{ THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCREOLES ANDPIDGINS • . pidginizationoccursveryquickly, almost overanightbutcreolizationtakes approximatelytwogenerationstoform; • creolesaremostlyrelatedtoadominant languagesoacreolecontinuumcanarise. For example, an. English. Creolecandevelopinto anumberofvarietieswhenitisincontact withthestandardlanguage, Englishinthis case. Acontinuumiswhentwolanguage varietiesarevarietiesofthesamelanguage.

{ Theinterestoflinguistsinthese languageshasincreasedgreatlyinthelast fewdecades. Themainreasonforthisis thatpidginsandcreolesareyoung languages. Inretracingtheirdevelopment itmaybepossibletoseehownew languagescanarise. { Theinterestoflinguistsinthese languageshasincreasedgreatlyinthelast fewdecades. Themainreasonforthisis thatpidginsandcreolesareyoung languages. Inretracingtheirdevelopment itmaybepossibletoseehownew languagescanarise.