{ Classification of children with the general underdevelopment

{ Classification of children with the general underdevelopment of mental by M. S. Pevzner. Purpose: To provide information on the general underdevelopment of mental

Neurological Disorders: the diseases that form the central concern of neurology. Strokes, brain tumors, and the degenerative diseases of the brain produce clearly discernible structural damage. As a result of different diseases in different ways is a violation of the higher nervous activity, and there a variety of mental disorders.

The reasons are various intellectual nedostatatochnosti lesion of the cerebral cortex. These lesions are inflammatory processes: encephalitis, meningoentsifality, intoxication (endocrine, metabolic), brain injuries and other diseases. They lead to systemic disorders of speech, called aphasia.

Aphasia is a communication disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language (typically in the left half of the brain). Individuals who experience damage to the right side of the brain may have additional difficulties beyond speech and language issues. Aphasia may causes difficulties in speaking, listening, reading, and writing, but does not affect intelligence. Individuals with aphasia may also have other problems, such as dysarthria, apraxia, or swallowing problems.

Maria Semenovna Pevzner — doctor — a psychiatrist, dealing with issues of correctional work with mentally retarded children, at an international symposium made a clinical and educational qualifications oligophrenia children. M. S. Pevzner allocated 5 groups:

1. group — a simple form of mental retardation. It includes those children, which are characterized by underdevelopment of cognitive activity due to the weakness of abstraction and generalization processes. This form is not accompanied by gross lesions within a given analyzer and primary lesion of emotional and volitional. Children in this group are usually calm, urovnoveshanny, disciplined and hardworking. When performing tasks available to them sufficiently attentive and organized. Their speech and motor skills are usually not grossly violated. They are emotionally attached to the family members, teachers and peers. But it should be noted In a correctional school, these children successfully master the prescribed program. Based on the positive characteristics of these children, the teacher is directing its efforts to the development of a child’s speech, his thinking, using the correctional system of guidelines for working with the bulk of the students correctional schools.

Group 2 — mental retardation complicated disorders of neural processes. This group includes mental retardation complicated neurodynamic disorders. Intelligent underdevelopment combined with symptoms of psychomotor disinhibition or inhibition. In the first case, an intellectual deficiency, performance and mental development in general suffers from a further motor disinhibition, impulsivity, distractibility, spectacular imbalance. In some cases, mental deficiency is compounded by motor retardation, emotional inhibited. Complications commonly associated with birth trauma and asphyxia, the chain of infection transmitted at an early age. The presence of these children is reduced, it answers their rashness, accidentally. These children are faced with great difficulties in the process of writing and arithmetic. Education and training of this group of students, must be organized as follows: in excitable children develop brake reaction is inhibited include collective action.

Group 3 — mental retardation with psihopadobnymi behaviors. This includes children with complicated psihopadobnymi disorders. Such children have a combination of mental underdevelopment with symptoms of severe affective excitability, the location drives (sexuality, voracity, the propensity to vagrancy and so on. D. ). High spirits are often replaced by tearfulness, a critical attitude toward others is lowered. These children are uncommunicative, nesamolyubivy their school interests expressed insufficient performance is reduced. In the correctional work with this group of children need physiotherapy, speech therapy and to correct defects of perception, mental retardation, complicated by epileptiform disorders manifested in combination with various dementia oligophrenic convulsive manifestations. This form occurs after birth and postnatal infections and injuries caused by the formation of scar tissue in the brain.

Group 4 — mental retardation, complicated in the violation of individual analyzers system. Along with the general underdevelopment of the brain marked expressed focal lesions. In these cases, dementia is combined with impaired vision, hearing, speech, and musculoskeletal system. When mental retardation complicated with severe hypoplasia of speech systems, speech impediments often disguise initial underdevelopment of the psyche, Considering the total motor failure, organized physiotherapy sessions for the correction of speech — speech therapy classes.

Group 5 — mental retardation, complicated by severe violations of the frontal part of the brain. These children suffer roughly cognitive activity due to severe disturbance of focus, ie. Psihopadobnym behavior. In some children there is lethargy, passivity, motor retardation, automatic subjugate.

This classification allows us to understand the causes and methods to facilitate the search correctional and educational work. 1. Uncomplicated mental retardation: — balanced nervous processes; — emotional and volitional relatively preserved; — No gross violations of analyzers; 2. Oligophrenia with a predominance of excitation and inhibition: — — Excitable — restless, impulsive, disinhibited, motor restless; extremely diverted; — naughty; — conflicted; — pay no attention to adult remarks, operate smoothly, quickly. The workshops do everything thoughtlessly, carelessly, often breakdowns behavior. 3. Oligophrenia analyzers with reduced features or speech disabilities: — are hard of hearing, vision, speech, locomotor; — life prospects are limited; — hindered the development and reducing the possibility of social and labor adaptation.

4. Oligophrenia with psychopathic behavior: — dramatically impaired emotional and volitional; — manifest characteristic of underdevelopment personality components; — reduced criticality with respect to themselves and the people around them; — prone to unjustified affect ( «runners» — running away from school for no apparent reason). 5. Mental retardation with significant impairment of the frontal parts of the cerebral cortex: — personality changes with sharp motility disorders; — sluggish, passive, helpless; — it is meaningless, verbose, it is imitative; — unable to mental stress, purposeful activity, activity; — not take into account the situation, they do not like to work, try to avoid performing simple household duties, work in workshops; — development is carried out in a slowed, but with the promotion, by the end of school they are able to elementary forms of labor.

It is important to know what kind of disease caused mental retardation in the child. Knowing the diagnosis and medical history to better understand the mental state of the child, select the most appropriate methods of the individual approach to training and education. because the structure of the psyche oligophrenia complex and diverse.