CARGO TRANSPORTATION BY ROAD TRANSPORT
Road transport is the transport of goods and passengers by land transport over trackless roads. The main areas of expedient use of road transport are the delivery and delivery of goods to the main types of transport, the delivery of industrial and agricultural goods for short distances, intraurban transportation, and the delivery of goods for trade and construction. For long distances, road transport is used to transport perishable goods, especially valuable, requiring rapid delivery, inconvenient for transhipment by other modes of transport. The advantage of road transport in maneuverability and flexibility, a disadvantage - a fairly high cost of transportation.
Legal regulation of international cargo transportation. One of the first international instruments was theinternational trade, signed in 1914. Currently, more than 30 conventions have been developed and are already functioning, and other international documents in the field of road transport. There are more than 100 decisions of the Economic Commission for Europe(ECE Regulation) in this area, ensuring road safetyenvironmental protection. Rule 49 (R 49) defines the maximumpermissible concentration of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of engines.
1. Convention on Road Traffic and Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968
2. European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries, AGR of 1975
3. European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles engaged in International Road Transport, AETR of 1970
4. Customs Convention on the International Transport of Goods under Cover of TIR Carnets of 1959 and 1975
5. Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles of 1954 and 1956
6. Customs Convention on Containers of 1956
7. Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road of 1956
8. European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road of 1957
9. International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods of 1982
10. Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles 14. 12. 1956
Bilateral and multilateral interstate treaties In structure of legal maintenance of the international automobile transportationsbilateral and multilateral interstate treaties are also included.
National legislation Ø Law on Transport Ø Law on road transport Ø Law On road safety
Transport documents When performing international transport, all necessarydocuments: personal driver's documents, documents for motor transportmeans and for cargo. Among personal documents, a driver carrying out an internationalcargo must have: ü official foreign passport with valid terms of entry and exit visas for the countries for which the transportation is carried out; ü certification of the international model for the right to drivein accordance with the Convention on Road Traffic; ü certificate of export of foreign currency; ü medical insurance policy for the driver; ü if possible, a credit card.
The list of documents for cargo that the driver must have wheninternational transport: ü TIR Carnet (Carnet TIR); ü commodity-transport waybill (cargo manifest CMR) with attached-shipper specifications, certificates, sanitarysports and other accompanying documents (quality certificate, quarantine certificate, veterinary certificate, etc. ); ü cargo customs declaration issued by the consignor; ü reference of the carrier's liability (a copy of the insurance policy); ü an invoice for the goods (indicating the requisites of the buyer and seller, the date of the delivery contract and its terms, the name and code of the goods. TNVED, type and number of packages, gross weight, valuegoods, the date of drawing up the invoice and the stamp of the seller); ü a set of waybills for the return load of a vehicle
The contract of carriage within the framework of this Convention is between thepeople's wartransport waybill (CMR). The CMR bill is a form consisting of two twelve selfpirinal pages. All entries in the CMR registration are recorded immediately to all countries which requires transporters to cautiously treat it.
In addition to the CMR, the commodity-transport documentation includes all Documents sent to CMR: • shipping specification • invoice (invoice)contract value of cargo • certificates of quality and origin • veterinary certificates, the act of downloading a car. These documentsare written in the country's language.
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