Basic concepts of anatomy and physiology
ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY studies the structure of body organs (for ex: Heart: 4 chambered, muscle) PHYSIOLOGY studies functions of these organs (for ex: Heart: pumps blood)
Organization of body Organism includes 6 groups of components, from smallest to largest: Organelle Cell Tissue Organ system Organism
Tissues A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function. The body has four basic kinds of tissues: epithelial, nervous, connective, and muscle tissues. Epithelial tissue lines most body surfaces and protects other tissues from damage and dehydration. Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells, which carry information throughout the body. Various kinds of connective tissue support, protect, and insulate the body. Muscle tissue enables the movement of body structures by muscle contraction.
Human body tissues
Organ systems Body organs are made of combination of two or more types of tissues working together to perform a specific function. examples: heart, lung, etc. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out major activities or processes. Some organs function in more than one organ system. examples: digestive system, respiratory system, etc.
Body cavities The human body contains four large fluid-filled spaces, or body cavities, that house and protect the major internal organs. These body cavities are: v Thoracic (chest) cavity (heart and lungs) v cranial cavity (brain) v spinal cavity (spinal cord) v abdominal cavity (digestive organs)
Fluids of the body Human body consists of 100 trillion cells (1014) Cells are filled with liquid and also extracellular spaces are filled by liquid too In adult human body there are 42 liters fluid: Approximately 25 liters of it is inside cells and known as intracellular fluid 12 liters are located between cells and function in material exchange and known as interstitial fluid 5 liters of it is blood, in it 3 liters plasma, others blood cells
Homeostasis Homeo means equal, the same, stasis – state. Homeostasis is the maintaining of internal balance of human body despite changes in the external environment This balance is maintained by the coordination of both nervous and endocrine systems The main factors that are needed to be balanced are blood pressure, body temperature, respiration and heart rate
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