AIGERIM YERGALIYEVA Religions of Salvation in Classical India http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=O 4 D 6 Ezk 1 p. YQ
INDIA is a SECULAR country.
JAINISM and Jainst Ethics
1. Vardhamana Mahavira
Do not injure, abuse, oppress, enslave, insult, torment, torture or kill any creature or living being. Jain scripture
Adinath Jain Temple in Ranakpur, India
B. Early Buddhism Founder came from Kshatriya family More practical that Jainism Salvation comes from leading a balanced and moderate life
A LUXURY LIFE
Bodhi tree next to Mahabodhi temple, where Buddha achieved enlightenment
4. Buddhist Doctrine: Dharma The Four Noble Truths 1. All life involves suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. elimination of desire ends suffering 4. disciplined life in accordance to Noble Eightfold Path are the way to end suffering Religious goal: personal salvation, or nirvana, a state of perfect spiritual independence
5. Appeal of Buddhism Appealed strongly to members of lower castes because it did not recognize social hierarchies of castes less demanding than Jainism, which made it more popular Used vernacular tongues, not Sanskrit
C. Mahayana Buddhism Between 3 rd century BCE – 1 st century CE - Three new developments
Spread of Mahayana Buddhism Mahayana (“greater vehicle”), newer development India, China, Japan, Korea, central Asia Hinayana (“lesser vehicle, ” also Theravada), earlier version Ceylon, Burma, Thailand
Buddha Statue in Bodhgaya, India
Buddhist Temple in Bir, India
D. The Emergence of Popular Hinduism Like Buddhism, undergoes change to appeal to more people Inspired by Upanishads and Vedas Departed from older traditions
Hindu Gods • Hindu trinity • Brahma- the creator; the supreme god • Vishnu- the preserver; the chief god • Shiva- the destroyer • Most worshipped gods are Vishnu, Shiva, and Shakthi (devil)
2. The Bhagavad. Gita Short poetic work: dialogue between Krishna and warrior Arjuna Illustrated expectations of Hinduism and promise of salvation Fulfill caste duties
3. Hindu Ethics Lead honorable life – 4 principal aims Achieve salvation through meeting caste responsibilities (dharma) Pursuit of economic well-being and honesty (artha) Enjoyment of social, physical and sexual pleasure (kama) Salvation of the soul (moksha)
4. Popularity of Hinduism Gradually replaced Buddhism in India Political support by Guptas Brahmins given land grants Buddhism in decline in India by 1000 C. E.
My KAZAKHSTAN http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Nmgt. J 1 M LFk. Y