ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES
Formation of Adverbs Adjective + -ly = Adverb (in most cases) BUT! Some adjectives also end in –ly: cowardly, motherly, –ly ly ly friendly, silly, lovely. They don’t have adverbs, but can be used ly ly ly in adverbial phrases: Ex. He behaved in a silly way He spoke to us in a friendly manner Few adjectives and adverbs end in –ly: daily, monthly, –ly ly ly weekly, early. ly ly Ex. She is an early riser. She woke up early
Adverbs with Two Forms ADVERBS without -ly ADVERBS with -ly Deep = a long way down (глубоко) He looked deep into her eyes. Deeply = greatly (очень) He loves her deeply Hard = with effort(тяжело) She has worked hard recently. Hardly = scarcely(вряд ли) We could hardly speak. Late = not early( поздно) Helen has to work late tonight. Lately = recently (за последнее время) I’ve had troubles lately High = at/to a high level(высоко) He kicked the ball high Highly = very much(очень, весьма) She is a highly educated woman. Near = close(близко) Stay somewhere near Nearly = almost(почти) It took nearly two hours. Easy = gently and slowly(осторожно, медленно) Take it easy Easily = without difficulty(легко) I found the way easily
Adverbs and Adjectives be, seem, look, become, taste, smell, sound, grow, appear, stay, get adjectives are used (not After the verbs adverbs): Ex. The cake tastes/smells good. She looked beautiful in her new dress. She felt happy on the day we met. (BUT: She felt well/unwell. ) BUT NB! She looked kindly at the boy. She looked kind and quiet. They differ in meaning He grew impatient. The company’s profits grew slowly.
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives POSITIVE short big -- (-ly, -w) silly narrow --, ---modern beautiful COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE + er the …+ est more + the most + shorter bigger sillier narrower more modern more beautiful the shortest the biggest the silliest the narrowest the most modern the most beautiful NB! Clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet + -er, -est or more+, the most+ er more most
Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE - (with the same form as the adjective) + er + est fast late early faster later earlier fastest latest earliest --, ----(-ly) more + most + more often more simply more comfortably most often most simply most comfortably often simply comfortably
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE good/well better (the) best bad/badly worse (the) worst much/many more (the) most little less (the) least farther (distance) distance further (more, additional - time) time (the) farthest (the) furthest older (age) the oldest age elder (for seniority in one the eldest family) family later (time) time latter (order) order (the) latest (the) last nearer (the) nearest (distance) distance (the) next (order) order
Now read the following sentences and decide if an adverb or adjective is needed: Relax. He's a ___ driver. safely Your brother is so ___. kindly kind I always work ___ during the week. hardly hard
You ___ touched your lunch. hardly hard At the party everyone was ___ dressed. beautifully beautiful By the time we got home I was ___ tired. terribly terrible Han did ___ on his test. badly
I baked this cake ___ for you. specially special They have been ___ married for years. happy happily It's natural to feel ___ before a job interview. nervously
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