1 AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH GO BACK Australian English

1 AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH GO

BACK Australian English 2 One of the language options of English is widespread in Australia has its own dialect of English, known informally as "strayn“ (English strine, the Australian pronunciation of the word «Australian» ). The American pronunciation of the English language is the way of penetration into Australia through the popular TV show, broadcast CNN (for example, a favorite youth series "The Simpsons"). Adolescents imitate the pronunciation of popular heros. GO

BACK Sociolinguistic historical context In 1768 the British sent a new expedition to Australia led by James Cook's expedition, surveyed the east coast, found him fit for habitation. The discovery proved to be very timely, since the successful struggle for the independence of American States has deprived the British Government convenient places for the link. Most of the settlers, 750 people were exiled, accompanied by about three hundred officers and soldiers. The exiles were mostly the poorest urban and rural populations. A significant portion of convicts came from Ireland (not less than 25%) and others from all parts of the UK. There were also other people convicted of non-English parts of Britain, Welsh and Scots. English not spoken at all or spoke horribly wrong in the majority. white infants Australians spoke with a noticeable characteristic accent and vocabulary, felt a great influence Cockney (Londoners from the bottom). GO 3

BACK Spelling 4 Writing in the Australian English is almost completely corresponds to British English spelling, spellings are used with-re (centre), -our (harbour), -ll-(travelling) The Americanization of Australian spelling was part of a more general influence of American on the Australian, who in the 1850's. with the start of Australia's gold rush. GO

BACK 5 PHONETICS Regional differences in Australian English are mild, the variation in this option due to the factor of social status, the most basic manifestation - the division of the language and the language of the countryside. According to estimates of Linguists: - about a third of Australia's population speaks a "broad", pronounced dialect (Broad Australian) - slightly more than half the population uses the "standard, the standard" Australian (General Australian) - and about a tenth said the "educated, elegant, " Australian (Cultivated Australian) And among girls and women there is a tendency to adhere to the latter two options. GO

In a speech following the well-known personalities are reflected three types of pronunciation: BACK 6 • «The broad, pronounced pronunciation: Steve Irwin (born Steve Irwin) • «Standard" Australian pronunciation: Nicole Kidman (born Nicole Kidman) • «Fine" pronunciation: Robert Hugh (born Robert Hughes) GO

Careless Australian pronunciation can be illustrated by the following dialogue: BACK 7 - Knife a samich? What does it mean: - Can I have a sandwich? - "Can I have a sandwich? " - - I'll gechawun inn a sec - I'll get you one in a sec. - "One moment. " - - Emma chisit? - How much is it? - "How much does it cost? " - - Attlebee aitninee - That'll be eight ninety. - "With You 8. 90". GO

BACK Vowel 8 Further development of the vowel sounds in the Australian version of the language was standardized use of diphthongs, vowel nucleus of which was a lower rise than in Br. E / eɪ / and / aɪ /, -, respectively / æɪ / (or / aɪ /) «flavour» and / ɑe / - «price» . The kernel of the diphthong is pronounced more energetic than in the classical "pronunciation adopted in the UK (English Received Pronunciation), and the second element of the diphthong is slightly reduced. This gives the Australian pronunciation of the characteristic slow pace and melody. GO

On television, the speech of public figures, especially phonetics appear less likely, and there is an Australian it is closest to the British standard. Australian singers on stage are often imitate the American pronunciation, whereas in everyday life speak Australian English. BACK GO 9

BACK 10 - The letter i in a closed syllable (bit, tip, etc. ) can be pronounced as / i /, and not as / ɪ /: / bit /, / tip / instead of / bɪt /, / tɪp / - The letter A in a closed syllable (bat, flat, etc. ) can be pronounced as / ɛ /, and not as / æ /: / bɛt /, / flɛt / instead of / bæt /, / flæt /. This feature brings together an Australian version with the New Zealand version of English. - In the letter combinations-ar-, -ast-, -ask-and so the pronunciation is close to a British Standard (/ ɑ: /): car, chance, ask, castle. However, this long a sound - a frontrow than in the accepted pronunciation ", which gave the full identity of the sound Am. E hot and Austr. E heart; both words are pronounced as / hɑt /. GO

BACK Consonants 11 • According to the traditionally vulnerable to smaller changes than vowels. The whole system of consonants of Australian English repeats the system according to British Standard. Overall with the American version of hell - voicing t in position between two vowels. Wed «Letter» : Br. E / 'letə / and Am. E / 'lεṱər /. • In the Australian language phonetics pronounced phenomenon yod coalescence. Yod coalescence - a process in which clusters of sounds / dj /, / tj /, / sj / and / zj / (ie, "alveolar / sibilant j » )are converted , respectively, in / ʤ /, / tʃ /, / ʒ /. For example: educate → / 'ɛdʒ. ʊ. keɪt /, graduate → /' grædʒ. u. eɪt /. • sound combination / nt / and / n / in the position between vowels can be realized as [n] or [ɾ], resulting in a pair of words such as «winter» and «winner» sometimes become homophone. GO

BACK 12 VOCABULARY Differences with the vocabulary of Standard English now, even grow, because progressive Australian writers are widely adopting the socalled "avstralizmy" in literary language, and a deep study of Australian history in schools, as well as publication of scientific and popular publications on the history of Australia's reviving old words that period, when Australia was a place of exile and experienced the turbulent years of the gold rush. However, these differences are not so great to be able to talk about the Australian language. GO

BACK Regional differences 13 Regional differences in the lexical composition of the Australian language relating to the most common manifestations of culture: the names of dishes, institutions, etc. , as different states of Australia arrived immigrants from different countries: Poland, Germany, Russia and Belgium. For example, polony called «fritz» in pieces. South Australia, called «devon» in pieces. New South Wales, «Belgium sausage» on about. Tasmania, «Empire sausage» in the town of Newcastle, «polony» in pieces. Western Australia, «Windsor sausage» in pieces. Queensland, and the «German sausage» or «Strasburg» in pieces. Victoria. Kindergarten is called «kindergarten» in pieces. New South Wales, «prep class» ( «preparatory class") into pieces. Victoria and on. Tasmania and the «reception class» ( «reception class") into pieces. South Australia. Common word «forest» ( «Les ") is practically used in relation GO to forests of Australia, as it is light eucalypt forests and bush.

A common greeting is «g'day» 14 (pronounced / gdaɪ /), the reduction of «good day» - «a good day. " Even more widespread appeal to each other - «mate» ( «buddy"), pronounced / maɪt /. BACK In Australian English has its own idioms (eg, "beneath [equator] (born Down Under) - Australia and New Zealand), and single words ( «sheila» - a woman from HDI. «Sheila» - a common female name in Ireland , «Bloke» - male). GO

BACK 15 Distributed rhyming slang - ("plaque"(English china plate) -> «a good friend"(born good mate) - «let's see"(English have a look) -> «let's Captain Cook"(born have a captain Cook) - "Shark"(English shark) - «Noah's Ark" (born Noah's ark), etc Reduction : Documentation – doco A smoke – smoko Football - footie GO

BACK Endoethnonym Anglo-Australians as a result of the reduction - "Ozzie"(born aussie), short for "Australians"(born Australians). However, there is his own, distinctive Australian slang, clearly and accurately describes the people, situations. The expression "the black stump"(English «past the black stump» ) describes the uninhabited, wilderness. GO 16

BACK Distinctive Australian slang 17 • «Shark biscuit" (English «shark biscuits» ) - a surfer, a beginner; • «Do not cry, even if a shark bite" (English «Wouldn't shout if a shark bit her» ) characteristic of a miserly, tight-fisted man, not wanting to treat your friends a drink (English «shout» means "cry", but also "treat smb. drink. ") • «Boomerang" (English «boomerang» ) - smth. eg. book that should be returned. GO

A certain number of words in the Australian English has developed new values: BACK 18 - «station» - «location; station» , Austr. E + «cattle, sheep farm; - «bush» - «bush terrain, overgrown with bushes» , Austr. E + «forest, the countryside" - «to tie up» - «link, bind to smth. » , Austr. E + «tethering an animal to a stake. " GO

BACK 19 Americans in Australian English are called "Seppo « (English seppo), which formed a chain «Yanks» -> «Septic tanks» -> «Seppos» . Englishman may be called pommy, pommie or pom (the etymology is unclear, the basic meaning - red (from «pomegranate» - «pomegranate"), perhaps the color forms of British soldiers, the color of the cheeks of the British immigrants, or abbreviations on the clothes of prisoners - POM (Prisoner of Motherland)). GO

BACK 20 Recent Avstralianizmy - hoon «Hooligan" - spunky «sexy" - a dag «eccentric, funny man, carelessly dressed man" - a rort, to rort «shindig, cheat" - shonky «illegal, "left "unreliable" GO

BACK Borrowings from Aboriginal languages of Australia 21 About 440 words borrowed from languages of Aboriginal Australia. Traditionally believed that the first of the Aboriginal languages borrowed the word of Captain James Cook. That was the word "kangaroo". The legend that the "kangaroo"in the language of the tribe guugu yimidhirr (English Guugu Yimithirr) means "I do not know" is not confirmed. Mainly borrowed the names of animals and plants are endemic, dingo, coala, wallaby, waratah, billabong. GO

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